3月5日，第十三屆全國人民代表大會第二次會議在北京人民大會堂開幕。國務院總理李克強作政府工作報告。[新華社 龐興雷 攝]

Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivers a government work report at the opening meeting of the second session of the 13th National People's Congress at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 5, 2019. (Xinhua/Pang Xinglei)

各位代表：

Fellow Deputies,

現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請予審議，并請全國政協委員提出意見。

On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government and ask for your deliberation and approval. I also invite comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、2018年工作回顧

I. 2018 in Review

過去一年是全面貫徹黨的十九大精神開局之年，是本屆政府依法履職第一年。我國發展面臨多年少有的國內外復雜嚴峻形勢，經濟出現新的下行壓力。在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，全國各族人民以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，砥礪奮進，攻堅克難，完成全年經濟社會發展主要目標任務，決勝全面建成小康社會又取得新的重大進展。

The year 2018 was the first year for putting the guiding principles of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China fully into effect. It was also this government's first to perform, in accordance with law, the functions of office. In pursuing development this year, China faced a complicated and challenging domestic and international environment of a kind rarely seen in many years, and its economy came under new downward pressure.

Under the firm leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we, the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, forged ahead and overcame difficulties. The year's main targets for economic and social development were accomplished, and in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we made major progress toward a decisive victory.

——經濟運行保持在合理區間。國內生產總值增長6.6%，總量突破90萬億元。經濟增速與用電、貨運等實物量指標相匹配。居民消費價格上漲2.1%。國際收支基本平衡。城鎮新增就業1361萬人、調查失業率穩定在5%左右的較低水平。近14億人口的發展中大國，實現了比較充分就業。

The main economic indicators were kept within an appropriate range. Gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 6.6 percent, exceeding 90 trillion yuan. Economic growth matched electricity consumption, freight transport, and other indicators. Consumer prices rose by 2.1 percent. In the balance of payments a basic equilibrium was maintained. A further 13.61 million new urban jobs were added, and the surveyed unemployment rate remained stable at a comparatively low level of around 5 percent. As a big developing country with a population close to 1.4 billion, we have attained relatively full employment.

——經濟結構不斷優化。消費拉動經濟增長作用進一步增強。服務業對經濟增長貢獻率接近60%，高技術產業、裝備制造業增速明顯快于一般工業，農業再獲豐收。單位國內生產總值能耗下降3.1%。質量和效益繼續提升。

Economic structure was further improved. Consumption continued to play an increasing role in driving economic growth. The service sector's contribution to growth approached 60 percent. Growth in high-tech industries and equipment manufacturing outstripped that of other industries. Harvests were again good. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 3.1 percent. The quality and returns of growth continued to improve.

——發展新動能快速成長。嫦娥四號等一批重大科技創新成果相繼問世。新興產業蓬勃發展，傳統產業加快轉型升級。大眾創業萬眾創新深入推進，日均新設企業超過1.8萬戶，市場主體總量超過1億戶。新動能正在深刻改變生產生活方式、塑造中國發展新優勢。

New growth drivers grew rapidly. A number of major scientific and technological innovations were made, like the Chang'e-4 lunar probe. Emerging industries thrived and traditional industries saw faster transformation and upgrading. Business startups and innovation continued to surge nationwide, with an average of over 18,000 new businesses opening daily and the total number of market entities passing the 100 million mark. New growth drivers are now profoundly changing our mode of production and way of life, creating new strengths for China's development.

——改革開放取得新突破。國務院及地方政府機構改革順利實施。重點領域改革邁出新的步伐，市場準入負面清單制度全面實行，簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務改革力度加大，營商環境國際排名大幅上升。對外開放全方位擴大，共建“一帶一路”取得重要進展。首屆中國國際進口博覽會成功舉辦，海南自貿試驗區啟動建設。貨物進出口總額超過30萬億元，實際使用外資1383億美元、穩居發展中國家首位。

New breakthroughs were made in reform and opening up. Institutional reforms of both the State Council and local governments were implemented smoothly. New progress was made in reform in key fields. The negative list system for market access was put fully into effect. Reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services were intensified, and our business environment rose significantly in international rankings. Opening up was expanded on all fronts, and joint efforts to pursue the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) made significant headway. The first China International Import Expo was a success. Work began on building the China (Hainan) Pilot Free Trade Zone. China's total volume of trade in goods exceeded 30 trillion yuan, and its utilized foreign investment totaled US$138.3 billion, ranking China first among developing countries.

——三大攻堅戰開局良好。防范化解重大風險，宏觀杠桿率趨于穩定，金融運行總體平穩。精準脫貧有力推進，農村貧困人口減少1386萬，易地扶貧搬遷280萬人。污染防治得到加強，細顆粒物(PM2.5)濃度繼續下降，生態文明建設成效顯著。

The three critical battles got off to a good start. We forestalled and defused major risks. The macro leverage ratio trended toward a stable level; the financial sector was generally stable. Precision poverty alleviation made significant progress, with the rural poor population reduced by 13.86 million, including 2.8 million people assisted through relocation from inhospitable areas. Pollution prevention and control was strengthened, and PM2.5 concentrations continued to fall. Marked achievements were made in ecological conservation.

——人民生活持續改善。居民人均可支配收入實際增長6.5%。提高個人所得稅起征點，設立6項專項附加扣除。加大基本養老、基本醫療等保障力度，資助各類學校家庭困難學生近1億人次。棚戶區住房改造620多萬套，農村危房改造190萬戶。城鄉居民生活水平又有新提高。

Living standards continued to improve. Per capita disposable personal income grew by 6.5 percent in real terms. The threshold for individual income tax was raised and six special additional deductions were created. Support for basic elderly care and basic health care was strengthened. Close to 100 million payments were made to assist students from families in financial difficulty, covering all school types. More than 6.2 million housing units were rebuilt in rundown urban areas and 1.9 million dilapidated rural houses were renovated. Urban and rural living standards continued to rise.

我們隆重慶祝改革開放40周年，深刻總結改革開放的偉大成就和寶貴經驗，鄭重宣示在新時代將改革開放進行到底的堅定決心，激勵全國各族人民接續奮斗，再創新的歷史偉業。

We solemnly commemorated the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, thoroughly reviewed its great achievements and the valuable experience gained in its pursuit, and pledged our resolve to see reform and opening up through in the new era, thus galvanizing the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to continue their hard work to make new historic achievements.

回顧過去一年，成績來之不易。我們面對的是深刻變化的外部環境。經濟全球化遭遇波折，多邊主義受到沖擊，國際金融市場震蕩，特別是中美經貿摩擦給一些企業生產經營、市場預期帶來不利影響。我們面對的是經濟轉型陣痛凸顯的嚴峻挑戰。新老矛盾交織，周期性、結構性問題疊加，經濟運行穩中有變、變中有憂。我們面對的是兩難多難問題增多的復雜局面。實現穩增長、防風險等多重目標，完成經濟社會發展等多項任務，處理好當前與長遠等多種關系，政策抉擇和工作推進的難度明顯加大。經過全國上下共同努力，我國經濟發展在高基數上總體平穩、穩中有進，社會大局保持穩定。這再次表明，在中國共產黨領導下，中國人民有戰勝任何艱難險阻的勇氣、智慧和力量，中國的發展沒有過不去的坎。

Looking back at the past year, we can see that our achievements did not come easily.

What we faced was profound change in our external environment. Setbacks in economic globalization, challenges to multilateralism, shocks in the international financial market, and especially the China-US economic and trade frictions, had an adverse effect on the production and business operations of some companies and on market expectations.

What we faced were severe challenges caused by the growing pains of economic transformation. An interlacing of old and new issues and a combination of cyclical and structural problems brought changes in what was a generally stable economic performance, some of which caused concern.

What we faced was a complicated terrain of increasing dilemmas. We had multiple targets to attain, like ensuring stable growth and preventing risks; multiple tasks to complete, like promoting economic and social development; and multiple relationships to handle, like that between short-term and long-term interests. And the difficulty of making policy choices and moving work forward increased markedly.

With the concerted efforts of the whole country, the Chinese economy, from a larger base, achieved generally stable growth while making further progress; and social stability was ensured. This once again shows that the Chinese people, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, have the courage, vision, and strength to prevail over any difficulty or obstacle. There is no difficulty that cannot be overcome in China's pursuit of development!

一年來，我們深入貫徹以習近平同志為核心的黨中央決策部署，堅持穩中求進工作總基調，統籌穩增長、促改革、調結構、惠民生、防風險，穩妥應對中美經貿摩擦，著力穩就業、穩金融、穩外貿、穩外資、穩投資、穩預期，主要做了以下工作。

Over the past year, we fully implemented all major policies and plans made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. We followed the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, and worked holistically to maintain stable growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risks. We handled economic and trade frictions with the United States appropriately. We worked to ensure stable employment, a stable financial sector, stable foreign trade, stable foreign investment, stable domestic investment, and stable expectations. Our main work of the past year was as follows.

一是創新和完善宏觀調控，經濟保持平穩運行。面對新情況新變化，我們堅持不搞“大水漫灌”式強刺激，保持宏觀政策連續性穩定性，在區間調控基礎上加強定向、相機調控，主動預調、微調。堅持實施積極的財政政策，著力減稅降費、補短板調結構。下調增值稅稅率，擴大享受稅收優惠小微企業范圍，出臺鼓勵研發創新等稅收政策。全年為企業和個人減稅降費約1.3萬億元。優化財政支出結構，盤活財政存量資金，重點領域支出得到保障。堅持實施穩健的貨幣政策，引導金融支持實體經濟。針對融資難融資貴問題，先后4次降低存款準備金率，多措并舉緩解民營和小微企業資金緊張狀況，融資成本上升勢頭得到初步遏制。及時應對股市、債市異常波動，人民幣匯率基本穩定，外匯儲備保持在3萬億美元以上。

First, we developed new ways to improve macro regulation and ensured a generally stable economic performance.

Facing new circumstances and developments, we were firm in choosing not to adopt a deluge of strong stimulus policies, and we maintained the continuity and consistency of macro policies. As we conducted regulation to keep main economic indicators within an appropriate range, we also improved targeted and well-timed regulation, and carried out anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning.

We continued to pursue a proactive fiscal policy, focusing on cutting taxes and fees, strengthening areas of weakness, and promoting structural adjustment. We reduced VAT rates and expanded the coverage of tax relief for small businesses with low profits, and introduced preferential tax policies to encourage R&D and innovation. Over the year, the tax and fee burden on enterprises and individuals was thus reduced by around 1.3 trillion yuan. We improved the composition of budgetary spending, put idle budgetary funds to use, and ensured spending in key areas.

We maintained a prudent monetary policy and encouraged financial support for the real economy. In response to the difficulties and high costs of financing, we reduced required reserve ratios four times, and applied a combination of measures to ease funding shortages faced by private enterprises and small and micro businesses. Initial success was thus made in curbing the rising cost of financing.

We promptly responded to abnormal fluctuations in the stock and bond markets, and kept the RMB exchange rate basically stable. China's foreign exchange reserves were maintained at over US$3 trillion.

二是扎實打好三大攻堅戰，重點任務取得積極進展。制定并有序實施三大攻堅戰三年行動方案。穩步推進結構性去杠桿，穩妥處置金融領域風險，防控地方政府債務風險，改革完善房地產市場調控機制。深入推進精準脫貧，加強扶貧力量，加大資金投入，強化社會幫扶，貧困地區自我發展能力穩步提高。全面開展藍天、碧水、凈土保衛戰。優化能源和運輸結構。穩妥推進北方地區“煤改氣”“煤改電”。全面建立河長制、湖長制。化肥農藥使用量實現雙下降。加強生態環保督察執法。積極應對氣候變化。

Second, we took solid action in the three critical battles and made good progress in carrying out key tasks.

We drew up and began the systematic implementation of a three-year action plan for the three critical battles.

We made steady progress in structural deleveraging, handled risks in the financial sector prudently and appropriately, prevented and controlled local government debt risks, and reformed and improved mechanisms for conducting regulation over the real estate market.

We made further progress in precision poverty alleviation. We strengthened poverty relief capacity, increased budgetary input, and encouraged society to assist poverty alleviation. The self-development capacity of poverty-stricken areas was steadily enhanced.

We launched an all-out fight to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our land pollution-free. Energy and transportation structures were upgraded. The replacement of coal with natural gas and electricity in North China was steadily advanced. The system of river chiefs and lake chiefs was established across the country. The use of both chemical fertilizers and pesticides was reduced. Inspections and law enforcement for environmental protection were strengthened. And we took active steps to respond to climate change.

三是深化供給側結構性改革，實體經濟活力不斷釋放。加大“破、立、降”力度。推進鋼鐵、煤炭行業市場化去產能。實施穩投資舉措，制造業投資、民間投資增速明顯回升。出臺促進居民消費政策。全面推進“互聯網+”，運用新技術新模式改造傳統產業。深入推進簡政減稅減費。取消一批行政許可事項，“證照分離”改革在全國推開，企業開辦時間大幅壓縮，工業生產許可證種類壓減三分之一以上。“雙隨機、一公開”監管全面實施。清理規范各類涉企收費，推動降低用能、用網和物流等成本。深化“互聯網+政務服務”，各地探索推廣一批有特色的改革舉措，企業和群眾辦事便利度不斷提高。

Third, we deepened supply-side structural reform and steadily unleashed the dynamism of the real economy.

We strengthened work to cut ineffective supply, foster new growth drivers, and reduce costs in the real economy.

We made progress in using market mechanisms to cut capacity in the steel and coal industries.

Measures were implemented to ensure stable investment; as a result, investment in manufacturing and private investment rebounded markedly. Policies were adopted to stimulate consumer spending. Internet Plus initiatives were advanced across the board, and new technologies and models were used to transform traditional industries.

We deepened efforts to streamline government functions and cut taxes and fees. A number of government permits were abolished, the reform separating permits from the business license was implemented nationwide, the time needed to start a business was considerably shortened, and the types of industrial production permits were cut by over a third. Oversight conducted through the random selection of both inspectors and inspection targets and the prompt release of results was implemented nationwide.

We overhauled the charges and fees levied on businesses, and encouraged cuts in the cost of energy, broadband services, and logistics. We advanced the Internet Plus Government Services initiative, the local authorities explored and extended a number of distinctive reform measures, and both businesses and the public now enjoy increasingly better access to government services.

四是深入實施創新驅動發展戰略，創新能力和效率進一步提升。大力優化創新生態，調動各類創新主體積極性。深化科技管理體制改革，推進關鍵核心技術攻關，加強重大科技基礎設施、科技創新中心等建設。強化企業技術創新主體地位，將提高研發費用加計扣除比例政策擴大至所有企業。制定支持雙創深入發展的政策措施。技術合同成交額增長30%以上?？萍歼M步貢獻率提高到58.5%。

Fourth, we continued to implement the innovation-driven development strategy and further increased innovation capacity and performance.

We greatly improved the innovation ecosystem to keep innovators of all kinds fully motivated. The reform of the management system for science and technology was deepened, steps were taken to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies for key fields, and the building of major science and technology infrastructure and innovation centers was stepped up.

We strengthened the principal position of enterprises in technological innovation, and extended the policy on raising the proportion of additional tax-deductible R&D costs to cover all enterprises.

We developed policies and measures to support innovation and business startups. The volume of contracted technology transactions grew by over 30 percent. The contribution of technological advances to economic growth has risen to 58.5 percent.

五是加大改革開放力度，發展動力繼續增強。深化國資國企改革，國有企業優化重組、提質增效取得新進展。針對民營企業發展遇到的困難和問題，千方百計幫助解憂紓困。推進財稅體制改革，預算績效管理改革全面啟動。改革金融監管體制，完善利率、匯率市場化形成機制。農業農村、社會事業、生態環保等領域改革不斷深化。推出對外開放一系列重大舉措。共建“一帶一路”引領效應持續釋放，同沿線國家的合作機制不斷健全，經貿合作和人文交流加快推進。出臺穩外貿政策，貨物通關時間壓縮一半以上。下調部分商品進口關稅，關稅總水平由9.8%降至7.5%。新設一批跨境電商綜合試驗區。復制推廣自貿試驗區改革經驗。大幅壓縮外資準入負面清單，擴大金融、汽車等行業開放，一批重大外資項目落地，新設外資企業增長近70%。

Fifth, we intensified reform and opening up and continued to strengthen the momentum of development.

We deepened reforms of state capital and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and made new gains in upgrading and restructuring SOEs and in improving their quality and performance. In addressing difficulties and issues encountered by private enterprises, we used every feasible means to help them overcome problems and concerns.

We advanced the reform of the fiscal and tax systems, and launched performance-based budget management reform across the country. We reformed the financial regulatory system and improved the mechanisms through which interest rates and exchange rates are set by the market. Steady progress was made in reforms related to agriculture, rural affairs, social programs, and environmental protection.

In opening up, we introduced a series of major moves. Joint efforts to pursue the Belt and Road Initiative are producing a pace-setting effect, cooperation mechanisms for countries along its routes are steadily improving, and economic cooperation, trade, and cultural and people-to-people exchanges under the Initiative have gathered momentum.

We launched policies to ensure steady growth in foreign trade, and cut the time needed for customs clearance by more than half. Import tariffs on some goods were lowered, and the overall tariff level was reduced from 9.8 to 7.5 percent.

A number of new integrated pilot zones for cross-border e-commerce were established. Reform measures proven to work in pilot free trade zones were replicated and applied elsewhere. We shortened significantly the negative list for foreign investment, opened up sectors like finance and automobiles wider to foreign competition, and sped up the implementation of a number of major foreign investment projects. The number of new foreign enterprises grew by nearly 70 percent.

六是統籌城鄉區域發展，良性互動格局加快形成。鄉村振興戰略有力實施，糧食總產量保持在1.3萬億斤以上。新型城鎮化扎實推進，近1400萬農業轉移人口在城鎮落戶。推進西部開發、東北振興、中部崛起、東部率先發展，出臺一批改革創新舉措。京津冀協同發展取得明顯進展，長江經濟帶生態優先、綠色發展格局不斷鞏固。粵港澳大灣區規劃建設邁出實質性步伐，港珠澳大橋建成通車。加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區改革發展支持力度。新增高速鐵路運營里程4100公里，新建改建高速公路6000多公里、農村公路30多萬公里。城鄉區域發展協調性持續增強。

Sixth, we pursued balanced development across rural and urban areas and regions and sped up the formation of a pattern of positive interplay.

The rural revitalization strategy was implemented with vigor; grain output was kept above 650 million metric tons. Solid progress was made in the pursuit of new urbanization, and close to 14 million people originally from rural areas gained permanent urban residency.

A full range of reforms and innovative measures were introduced to advance development in the western region, revitalize the northeast, energize the central region, and support the eastern region in spearheading development.

Major progress was made in boosting the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Along the Yangtze Economic Belt, efforts to prioritize ecological conservation and boost green development were strengthened.

Substantive steps were taken in the planning and building of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was opened to traffic.

We expanded support for reforms and development in old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas.

Another 4,100 kilometers of high-speed railways opened to traffic, and over 6,000 kilometers of expressways and more than 300,000 kilometers of rural roads were built or improved.

With all this, the balance in development between rural and urban areas and between regions has continuously improved.

七是堅持在發展中保障和改善民生，改革發展成果更多更公平惠及人民群眾。針對外部環境變化給就業帶來的影響，及時出臺穩就業舉措。大力推動義務教育教師工資待遇政策落實，加強鄉村小規模學校和鄉鎮寄宿制學校建設，促進高等教育內涵式發展。建立企業職工基本養老保險基金中央調劑制度，提高退休人員基本養老金，城鄉居民基礎養老金最低標準從每月70元提高到88元。繼續提高優撫、低保等標準，殘疾人“兩項補貼”惠及所有符合條件人員。加強退役軍人服務管理工作，維護退役軍人合法權益。深化醫療、醫保、醫藥聯動改革。穩步推進分級診療。提高居民基本醫保補助標準和大病保險報銷比例。加快新藥審評審批改革，17種抗癌藥大幅降價并納入國家醫保目錄。加快推進文化惠民工程，持續加強基層公共文化服務。全民健身蓬勃開展，體育健兒在國際大賽上再創佳績。

Seventh, we continued to ensure and improve living standards in the course of pursuing development and enabled the people to share more fully and fairly in the benefits of reform and development.

We took prompt steps to ease the impact of changes in the external environment on employment.

We made strong moves to ensure the implementation of policies on pay packages of teachers in compulsory education, stepped up the development of small rural schools and boarding schools in towns and townships, and fostered development of substance in higher education.

We established a system for the central government to allocate nationwide enterprise employees' basic aged-care insurance funds, raised retirees' basic pensions, and increased the minimum basic aged-care pension benefits for rural and non-working urban residents from 70 to 88 yuan per person per month.

We continued to increase benefits for entitled groups and subsistence allowances, and ensured that all people with disabilities who are eligible can access living allowances and nursing care subsidies.

For demobilized military personnel, we improved service provision and management and protected their lawful rights and interests.

Coordinated medical service, medical insurance, and pharmaceutical reforms continued. We made steady progress in developing the tiered diagnosis and treatment model. We raised the level of government subsidies for rural and non-working urban residents' basic medical insurance and the reimbursement rate of their serious illness insurance.

The reform for evaluation and approval of new medicines was stepped up; the prices of 17 cancer drugs were slashed and these drugs were included in the national medical insurance catalog.

We sped up the implementation of cultural projects designed to benefit the people, and continued to strengthen public cultural services at the community level. Fitness-for-All activities flourished. Chinese athletes excelled themselves in international competitions.

八是推進法治政府建設和治理創新，保持社會和諧穩定。提請全國人大常委會審議法律議案18件，制定修訂行政法規37部。改革調整政府機構設置和職能配置。深入開展國務院大督查，推動改革發展政策和部署落實。發揮審計監督作用。改革完善城鄉基層治理。創新信訪工作方式。改革和加強應急管理，及時有效應對重大自然災害，生產安全事故總量和重特大事故數量繼續下降。加強食品藥品安全監管，嚴厲查處長春長生公司等問題疫苗案件。健全國家安全體系。強化社會治安綜合治理，開展掃黑除惡專項斗爭，依法打擊各類違法犯罪，平安中國建設取得新進展。

Eighth, we made progress in building a rule of law government and pursuing innovation in governance and ensured social harmony and stability.

We submitted 18 legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for deliberation, and formulated or revised 37 sets of administrative regulations. We reformed and adjusted the composition and responsibilities of government bodies. The State Council conducted major accountability inspections to ensure the implementation of reform and development policies and plans. We made full use the role of auditing in oversight.

We reformed and improved urban and rural governance at the primary level. New approaches were adopted to address public complaints. We reformed and strengthened emergency management, responded swiftly and effectively to major natural disasters, and achieved a continued reduction in both the total number of workplace accidents and the number of serious and major accidents.

We strengthened oversight over food and drug safety and investigated and took stern action in defective vaccines cases like that involving Changchun Changsheng.

We improved the national security system. We strengthened comprehensive measures to maintain law and order, launched a campaign to combat organized crime and root out local mafia, and cracked down on crime and other legal violations in accordance with law. Further headway was made in carrying out the Peaceful China initiative.

認真貫徹黨中央全面從嚴治黨戰略部署，加強黨風廉政建設。推進“兩學一做”學習教育常態化制度化。嚴格落實中央八項規定及其實施細則精神，堅定不移糾正“四風”。嚴肅查處各類違法違規行為，懲處腐敗分子，反腐敗斗爭取得壓倒性勝利。

We fully implemented the Party Central Committee's strategic decision on enforcing full and strict discipline over the Party, and intensified efforts to improve Party conduct and build a clean government. We moved to ensure that all Party members, on a regular and institutionalized basis, work to gain a good command of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping's policy addresses and to meet Party standards.

We acted in strict accordance with the central Party leadership's eight-point decision on conduct and the rules for its implementation. We took stern action against formalities performed for formalities' sake, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance. Activities of various types in violation of laws or regulations were severely punished or prosecuted. Steps were taken to bring the corrupt to justice, and the fight against corruption was a resounding success.

過去一年，中國特色大國外交取得新成就。成功舉辦博鰲亞洲論壇年會、上合組織青島峰會、中非合作論壇北京峰會等重大主場外交活動。習近平主席等國家領導人出訪多國，出席亞太經合組織領導人非正式會議、二十國集團領導人峰會、金磚國家領導人會晤、亞歐首腦會議、東亞合作領導人系列會議等重大活動。同主要大國關系總體穩定，同周邊國家關系全面發展，同發展中國家團結合作紐帶更加牢固。推動構建新型國際關系，推動構建人類命運共同體。堅定維護國家主權、安全、發展利益。經濟外交、人文交流成果豐碩。中國致力于促進世界和平與發展，作出了世人共睹的重要貢獻。

Over the past year, we attained new achievements in pursuing diplomacy with our own characteristics as a major country. We successfully hosted major diplomatic events such as the Boao Forum for Asia annual conference, the Qingdao Summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders visited many countries and attended major international events, including the APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the G20 Leaders Summit, the BRICS Leaders Meeting, the Asia-Europe Meeting, and the East Asian leaders' meetings on cooperation.

China's relations with other major countries remained generally stable, our relations with neighboring countries saw all-round growth, and our bond of unity and cooperation with other developing countries grew stronger.

We promoted the development of a new type of international relations and a human community with a shared future, and resolutely protected China's sovereignty, security, and development interests. Our pursuit of economic diplomacy and cultural and people-to-people exchanges yielded rich fruit. China endeavored to promote world peace and development and made important contributions recognized around the world.

各位代表!

Fellow Deputies,

過去一年取得的成績，是以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導的結果，是習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想科學指引的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民團結奮斗的結果。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯感謝!向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯感謝!向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯感謝!

We owe our achievements of the past year to the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, to the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and to the concerted efforts of the Party, the military, and the people of all ethnic groups in China. On behalf of the State Council, I express sincere thanks to the people of all our ethnic groups, and to all other political parties, people's organizations, and public figures from all sectors of society. I express sincere appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas. I also express our sincere gratitude to the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who have shown understanding and support for China in its endeavor to achieve modernization.

思危方能居安。在充分肯定成績的同時，要清醒看到我國發展面臨的問題和挑戰。世界經濟增速放緩，保護主義、單邊主義加劇，國際大宗商品價格大幅波動，不穩定不確定因素明顯增加，外部輸入性風險上升。國內經濟下行壓力加大，消費增速減慢，有效投資增長乏力。實體經濟困難較多，民營和小微企業融資難融資貴問題尚未有效緩解，營商環境與市場主體期待還有較大差距。自主創新能力不強，關鍵核心技術短板問題凸顯。一些地方財政收支矛盾較大。金融等領域風險隱患依然不少。深度貧困地區脫貧攻堅困難較多。生態保護和污染防治任務仍然繁重。在教育、醫療、養老、住房、食品藥品安全、收入分配等方面，群眾還有不少不滿意的地方。去年還發生了多起公共安全事件和重大生產安全事故，教訓極其深刻。政府工作存在不足，一些改革發展舉措落實不到位，形式主義、官僚主義仍然突出，督查檢查考核過多過頻、重留痕輕實績，加重基層負擔。少數干部懶政怠政。一些領域腐敗問題仍然多發。我們一定要直面問題和挑戰，勇于擔當，恪盡職守，竭盡全力做好工作，決不辜負人民期待!

Only alertness to danger will ensure safety. While fully recognizing our achievements, we must also be clear about the problems and challenges our country faces in its development.

Growth in the global economy is slowing, protectionism and unilateralism are mounting, and there are drastic fluctuations in the prices of commodities on the international market. Instability and uncertainty are visibly increasing, and externally-generated risks are on the rise.

Downward pressure on the Chinese economy continues to increase, growth in consumption is slowing, and growth in effective investment lacks momentum. The real economy faces many difficulties. The difficulties that private firms and small and micro businesses face in accessing affordable financing have not yet been effectively solved. The business environment still falls far short of market entities' expectations.

Our capacity for innovation is not strong, and our weakness in terms of core technologies for key fields remains a salient problem. Budgetary deficits in some localities are quite large. There are still many risks and hidden dangers in the financial and other sectors. In deeply impoverished areas, we still face many difficulties in the fight against poverty. Ecological conservation and pollution prevention and control continue to be a weighty task.

There is still public dissatisfaction in many areas, such as education, healthcare, elderly care, housing, food and drug safety, and income distribution. Last year saw the occurrence of a number of public safety incidents and major workplace accidents. The lessons these incidents left us with should never be forgotten.

There is room for improvement in the work of government. Some measures and policies for reform and development have not been fully implemented. We still have a serious problem with pointless formalities and bureaucratism. Excessive and over-frequent inspections and evaluations and a focus on the superficial to the neglect of the substantive have increased the burden on officials working at the primary level. A small number of government employees lack drive. Instances of corruption still occur frequently in some sectors.

We must face the problems and challenges squarely, shoulder our responsibility, fully perform our duties, and do all we can to truly live up to people's expectations.

二、2019年經濟社會發展總體要求和政策取向

II. Economic and Social Development in 2019: Overall Requirements and Policy Directions

今年是新中國成立70周年，是全面建成小康社會、實現第一個百年奮斗目標的關鍵之年。做好政府工作，要在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，全面貫徹黨的十九大和十九屆二中、三中全會精神，統籌推進“五位一體”總體布局，協調推進“四個全面”戰略布局，堅持穩中求進工作總基調，堅持新發展理念，堅持推動高質量發展，堅持以供給側結構性改革為主線，堅持深化市場化改革、擴大高水平開放，加快建設現代化經濟體系，繼續打好三大攻堅戰，著力激發微觀主體活力，創新和完善宏觀調控，統籌推進穩增長、促改革、調結構、惠民生、防風險、保穩定工作，保持經濟運行在合理區間，進一步穩就業、穩金融、穩外貿、穩外資、穩投資、穩預期，提振市場信心，增強人民群眾獲得感、幸福感、安全感，保持經濟持續健康發展和社會大局穩定，為全面建成小康社會收官打下決定性基礎，以優異成績慶祝中華人民共和國成立70周年。

This year is the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. It will be a crucial year for us as we endeavor to achieve the first Centenary Goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. To fulfill the work of government, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we must:

● follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era;

● implement fully the guiding principles of the Party's 19th National Congress and the second and third plenary sessions of its 19th Central Committee;

● pursue coordinated progress in the five-sphere integrated plan;

● pursue balanced progress in the four-pronged comprehensive strategy;

● adhere to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability;

● continue to apply the new development philosophy;

● continue to work for high-quality development;

● continue to pursue supply-side structural reform as our main task;

● continue to deepen market-orientated reforms and expand high-standard opening up;

● work faster to modernize the economy;

● continue the three critical battles;

● invigorate micro entities;

● explore innovations in and improve macro regulation;

● make coordinated efforts to maintain stable growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, guard against risks, and ensure stability;

● keep major economic indicators within an appropriate range;

● take further steps to ensure stable employment, a stable financial sector, stable foreign trade, stable foreign investment, stable domestic investment, and stable expectations;

● boost market confidence;

● enable people to feel more satisfied, happy, and secure; and

● sustain healthy economic development and maintain social stability.

By doing the above, we will create the pivotal underpinning for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society and celebrate with outstanding accomplishments the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic.

綜合分析國內外形勢，今年我國發展面臨的環境更復雜更嚴峻，可以預料和難以預料的風險挑戰更多更大，要做好打硬仗的充分準備。困難不容低估，信心不可動搖，干勁不能松懈。我國發展仍處于重要戰略機遇期，擁有足夠的韌性、巨大的潛力和不斷迸發的創新活力，人民群眾追求美好生活的愿望十分強烈。我們有戰勝各種困難挑戰的堅定意志和能力，經濟長期向好趨勢沒有也不會改變。

A full analysis of developments in and outside China shows that in pursuing development this year, we will face a graver and more complicated environment as well as risks and challenges, foreseeable and otherwise, that are greater in number and size. We must be fully prepared for a tough struggle. The difficulties we face must not be underestimated, our confidence must not be weakened, and the energy we bring to our work must not be allowed to wane.

China is still in an important period of strategic opportunity for development and has ample resilience, enormous potential, and great creativity to unleash. The longing of our people for a better life is strong. We have the unshakable will and the ability needed to prevail over difficulties and challenges of any kind, and our economic fundamentals are sound and will remain sound over the long term.

今年經濟社會發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長6%-6.5%;城鎮新增就業1100萬人以上，城鎮調查失業率5.5%左右，城鎮登記失業率4.5%以內;居民消費價格漲幅3%左右;國際收支基本平衡，進出口穩中提質;宏觀杠桿率基本穩定，金融財政風險有效防控;農村貧困人口減少1000萬以上，居民收入增長與經濟增長基本同步;生態環境進一步改善，單位國內生產總值能耗下降3%左右，主要污染物排放量繼續下降。上述主要預期目標，體現了推動高質量發展要求，符合我國發展實際，與全面建成小康社會目標相銜接，是積極穩妥的。實現這些目標，需要付出艱苦努力。

With the above in mind, the main projected targets for economic and social development this year are set as follows:

■ GDP growth of 6–6.5 percent

■ Over 11 million new urban jobs, a surveyed urban unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, and a registered urban unemployment rate within 4.5 percent

■ CPI increase of around 3 percent

■ A basic equilibrium in the balance of payments, and stable, better-structured imports and exports

■ A macro leverage ratio that is basically stable, and effective prevention and control of financial and fiscal risks

■ A reduction of over 10 million in the rural poor population

■ Personal income growth that is basically in step with economic growth

■ A further improvement in the environment

■ A drop of around 3 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP

■ Continued reductions in the discharge of major pollutants

The above projected targets are ambitious but realistic—they represent our aim of promoting high-quality development, are in keeping with the current realities of China's development, and are aligned with the goal of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. But to realize these goals we need to redouble our efforts.

要正確把握宏觀政策取向，繼續實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，實施就業優先政策，加強政策協調配合，確保經濟運行在合理區間，促進經濟社會持續健康發展。

We will ensure that the right direction is set for the pursuit of our macro policies. We will continue to pursue a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, implement an employment-first policy, and strengthen the coordination between these policies to keep major economic indicators within an appropriate range and sustain healthy economic and social development.

積極的財政政策要加力提效。今年赤字率擬按2.8%安排，比去年預算高0.2個百分點;財政赤字2.76萬億元，其中中央財政赤字1.83萬億元，地方財政赤字9300億元。適度提高赤字率，綜合考慮了財政收支、專項債券發行等因素，也考慮為應對今后可能出現的風險留出政策空間。今年財政支出超過23萬億元，增長6.5%。中央對地方均衡性轉移支付增長10.9%。改革完善縣級基本財力保障機制，緩解困難地區財政運轉壓力，決不讓基本民生保障出問題。

We will pursue a proactive fiscal policy with greater intensity and enhance its performance. Deficit-to-GDP ratio this year is projected at 2.8 percent, a 0.2-percentage-point increase over that of last year. The budgetary deficit is projected at 2.76 trillion yuan, with a central government deficit of 1.83 trillion yuan and a local government deficit of 0.93 trillion yuan. In moderately increasing the deficit-to-GDP ratio, we have given full consideration to factors such as government revenue and expenditure and the issuance of special bonds; we have also taken into account the need to leave policy space to address risks that could arise in the future.

Government expenditure is budgeted at over 23 trillion yuan, a 6.5 percent increase. The central government's transfer payments to local governments for equalizing access to basic public services will increase by 10.9 percent. We will reform and improve the mechanism for ensuring basic fiscal capacity at the county level, ease the pressure of budgetary constraints faced by some localities, and make certain that people's basic living needs are met.

穩健的貨幣政策要松緊適度。廣義貨幣M2和社會融資規模增速要與國內生產總值名義增速相匹配，以更好滿足經濟運行保持在合理區間的需要。在實際執行中，既要把好貨幣供給總閘門，不搞“大水漫灌”，又要靈活運用多種貨幣政策工具，疏通貨幣政策傳導渠道，保持流動性合理充裕，有效緩解實體經濟特別是民營和小微企業融資難融資貴問題，防范化解金融風險。深化利率市場化改革，降低實際利率水平。完善匯率形成機制，保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的基本穩定。

Our prudent monetary policy will be eased or tightened to the right degree. Increases in M2 money supply and aggregate financing should be in keeping with nominal GDP growth to keep major indicators within an appropriate range.

In implementation, we will ensure the valve on aggregate monetary supply is well controlled and refrain from using a deluge of stimulus policies; but will also use flexibly a variety of monetary policy instruments to improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, maintain reasonably sufficient liquidity, effectively mitigate difficulties faced in the real economy, especially by private enterprises and small and micro businesses, in accessing affordable financing, and forestall and defuse financial risks.

We will deepen reforms to strengthen the market's role in setting interest rates and lower real interest rates. We will improve the exchange rate mechanism and keep the RMB exchange rate generally stable and at an adaptive and balanced level.

就業優先政策要全面發力。就業是民生之本、財富之源。今年首次將就業優先政策置于宏觀政策層面，旨在強化各方面重視就業、支持就業的導向。當前和今后一個時期，我國就業總量壓力不減、結構性矛盾凸顯，新的影響因素還在增加，必須把就業擺在更加突出位置。穩增長首要是為保就業。今年城鎮新增就業要在實現預期目標的基礎上，力爭達到近幾年的實際規模，既保障城鎮勞動力就業，也為農業富余勞動力轉移就業留出空間。只要就業穩、收入增，我們就更有底氣。

An employment-first policy will be pursued with full force. Employment is the cornerstone of wellbeing, and the wellspring of wealth. This year, for the first time, we are elevating the employment-first policy to the status of a macro policy. This is to increase society-wide attention to employment and support for it. Both in the immediate future and for some time to come, the pressure on aggregate job creation will continue unabated, the related structural issues will become more pronounced, and new factors that affect employment will continue to grow. All this means we must give greater priority to increasing employment.

Maintaining stable growth, first and foremost, is to ensure employment. This year, on top of the urban job creation target, we will work to reach the actual employment figures of the past few years so as to ensure employment for the urban workforce while creating nonagricultural employment opportunities for the surplus rural workforce. With stable employment and increasing incomes, we can continue to be fully confident.

要繼續堅持以供給側結構性改革為主線，在“鞏固、增強、提升、暢通”八個字上下功夫。更多采取改革的辦法，更多運用市場化、法治化手段，鞏固“三去一降一補”成果，增強微觀主體活力，提升產業鏈水平，暢通國民經濟循環，推動經濟高質量發展。

We will continue to pursue supply-side structural reform as our main task, focusing on consolidating, strengthening, upgrading, and ensuring unimpeded flows: we will use more reforms and means in accordance with market principles and law to consolidate the gains made in the five priority tasks; to strengthen the dynamism of micro entities; to upgrade industrial chains; and to ensure unimpeded flows in the economy, thus moving toward high-quality development.

要繼續打好三大攻堅戰，精準發力、務求實效。防范化解重大風險要強化底線思維，堅持結構性去杠桿，防范金融市場異常波動，穩妥處理地方政府債務風險，防控輸入性風險。精準脫貧要堅持現行標準，聚焦深度貧困地區和特殊貧困群體，加大攻堅力度，提高脫貧質量。污染防治要聚焦打贏藍天保衛戰等重點任務，統籌兼顧、標本兼治，使生態環境質量持續改善。

We will continue the three critical battles and adopt precise measures to deliver solid outcomes.

To forestall and defuse major risks, we should be clear about potential dangers, continue structural deleveraging, forestall abnormal financial market fluctuations, deal prudently with local government debt risk, and guard against and control externally-generated risks.

We will intensify precision poverty alleviation efforts in accordance with current standards, with the focus on deeply impoverished areas and the most vulnerable groups to deliver solid outcomes.

In addressing pollution, we will focus on major priorities such as the fight to keep our skies blue, take a holistic approach, address both symptoms and root causes, and make continuous improvements to the environment.

做好今年政府工作，要注重把握好以下關系。一要統籌好國內與國際的關系，凝心聚力辦好自己的事。我國仍處于并將長期處于社會主義初級階段，仍是世界最大發展中國家。發展是解決我國一切問題的基礎和關鍵，必須牢牢扭住經濟建設這個中心，毫不動搖堅持發展是硬道理、發展應該是科學發展和高質量發展的戰略思想，不斷解放和發展社會生產力。在國際形勢復雜多變的背景下，我們要保持戰略定力，按確定的目標和部署推進工作，更好利用國際國內兩個市場兩種資源，敢于應對挑戰，善于化危為機，牢牢把握發展主動權。二要平衡好穩增長與防風險的關系，確保經濟持續健康發展。長期積累的諸多風險隱患必須加以化解，但要遵循規律，講究方式方法，按照堅定、可控、有序、適度要求，在發展中逐步化解，堅決避免發生系統性、區域性風險。在當前經濟下行壓力加大情況下，出臺政策和工作舉措要有利于穩預期、穩增長、調結構，防控風險要把握好節奏和力度，防止緊縮效應疊加放大，決不能讓經濟運行滑出合理區間。同時，也不能只顧眼前，采取損害長期發展的短期強刺激政策，產生新的風險隱患。三要處理好政府與市場的關系，依靠改革開放激發市場主體活力。只要市場主體有活力，就能增強內生發展動力、頂住經濟下行壓力。要大力推進改革開放，加快建立統一開放、競爭有序的現代市場體系，放寬市場準入，加強公正監管，打造法治化、國際化、便利化的營商環境，讓各類市場主體更加活躍。從根本上說，市場活力和社會創造力源于億萬人民積極性的發揮。要堅持以人民為中心的發展思想，盡力而為、量力而行，切實保障基本民生，推動解決重點民生問題，促進社會公平正義，讓人民過上好日子。中國人民勤勞智慧，具有無限的創新創造潛能，只要充分釋放出來，中國的發展就一定會有更為廣闊空間。

For the government to deliver this year, we need to get the following relationships right.

First, we need to handle in a holistic way the relationship between domestic and international issues, and focus on running our own affairs well. China is still and will long remain in the primary stage of socialism; and it continues to be the world's largest developing country. Development is the foundation of and key to solving all our country's problems. We must pursue with dedication the central task of economic development, never falter in our commitment to the strategic thinking that development is of paramount importance and that it should be sound and of a high quality, and continue to unleash and develop productive forces.

Against the backdrop of a complex and fast-changing international environment, we must maintain strategic focus and carry out work in accordance with the goals and plans already set. We should make better use of both international and domestic markets and resources, face challenges squarely, turn risks into opportunities, and remain firm in our commitment to pursuing development.

Second, we need to achieve the right balance in the relationship between maintaining stable growth and guarding against risks, to ensure sustained, healthy economic development. The many risks and potential problems that have built up over the years demand stronger mitigating action, but in doing so we need to observe objective laws and take the right approach. Our approach must be firm, controllable, and systematic, and it should be applied with the right degree of intensity. We need to defuse risks step by step in the course of pursuing development and decisively forestall any systemic or regional risks.

Against the backdrop of mounting downward pressure on the economy, the policies and measures we adopt should ensure stable expectations, stable growth, and structural adjustments. In working to forestall and control risks, we need to get the pace and intensity right. We should see that the effects of tightening are not amplified, and we must never allow economic indicators to slide out of the appropriate range.

At the same time, we must not attend only to immediate concerns or adopt short-term strong stimulus policies that will end up undermining long-term development and generating new risks.

Third, we need to balance the relationship between government and market, and energize market entities through reform and opening up. As long as market entities are energized, we can boost the internal forces driving development and withstand the downward pressure on the economy. We must work hard to advance reform and opening up, speed up the establishment of a unified and open, competitive and orderly modern market system, relax restrictions on market access, ensure impartial regulation, and create a business environment based on rule of law that is internationalized and enabling, in order to energize market entities.

Ultimately, market vitality and social creativity stem from the initiative of hundreds of millions of people being put into action. We must stay true to the vision of people-centered development and do everything within our capacity to meet people's basic needs, resolve key problems affecting living standards, promote social fairness and justice, and help our people achieve better lives.

The Chinese are an industrious and talented people and possess boundless potential for innovation and creativity. All we need to do is unleash that potential and the space for China's development going forward will doubtless be vast.

三、2019年政府工作任務

III. Tasks for 2019

今年經濟社會發展任務重、挑戰多、要求高。我們要突出重點、把握關鍵，扎實做好各項工作。

This year, in pursuing economic and social development, we will face weighty tasks, many challenges, and high demands. We must have clear priorities and address crucial issues to deliver a solid performance across the board.

(一)繼續創新和完善宏觀調控，確保經濟運行在合理區間。堅持以市場化改革的思路和辦法破解發展難題，發揮好宏觀政策逆周期調節作用，豐富和靈活運用財政、貨幣、就業政策工具，增強調控前瞻性、針對性和有效性，為經濟平穩運行創造條件。

1. We will continue to develop new and improved approaches to macro regulation and keep the main economic indicators within an appropriate range.

We will keep using market-oriented reform thinking and approaches to resolve problems in development; make good use of countercyclical macro policy regulation; add to and use flexibly financial, monetary, and employment policy instruments; make regulation more forward-looking, targeted, and effective; and create the conditions for ensuring a stable economic performance.

實施更大規模的減稅。普惠性減稅與結構性減稅并舉，重點降低制造業和小微企業稅收負擔。深化增值稅改革，將制造業等行業現行16%的稅率降至13%，將交通運輸業、建筑業等行業現行10%的稅率降至9%，確保主要行業稅負明顯降低;保持6%一檔的稅率不變，但通過采取對生產、生活性服務業增加稅收抵扣等配套措施，確保所有行業稅負只減不增，繼續向推進稅率三檔并兩檔、稅制簡化方向邁進。抓好年初出臺的小微企業普惠性減稅政策落實。這次減稅，著眼“放水養魚”、增強發展后勁并考慮財政可持續，是減輕企業負擔、激發市場活力的重大舉措，是完善稅制、優化收入分配格局的重要改革，是宏觀政策支持穩增長、保就業、調結構的重大抉擇。

We will implement larger-scale tax cuts.

We will introduce both general-benefit and structural tax cuts, focusing primarily on reducing tax burdens in manufacturing and on small and micro businesses.

VAT reform will be deepened: we will reduce the current rate of 16 percent in manufacturing and other industries to 13 percent, and lower the rate in the transportation, construction, and other industries from 10 to 9 percent, thus ensuring that tax burdens in our main industries are meaningfully reduced; keep the lowest bracket rate unchanged at 6 percent, while adopting supporting measures, like increased tax deductions for producer and consumer services, to see that in all industries tax burdens only go down, not up; and continue making progress toward cutting the number of VAT brackets from three to two and simplifying the VAT system. We will ensure that the general-benefit tax cut policies issued at the start of the year for small and micro businesses are put into effect. Our moves to cut tax on this occasion aim at an accommodative effect to strengthen the basis for sustained growth while also considering the need to ensure fiscal sustainability; are a major measure to lighten the burden on businesses and boost market dynamism; are an important reform to improve the tax system and achieve better income distribution; and are the result of a major decision taken at the macro policy level in support of the efforts to ensure stable economic growth, employment, and structural adjustments.

明顯降低企業社保繳費負擔。下調城鎮職工基本養老保險單位繳費比例，各地可降至16%。穩定現行征繳方式，各地在征收體制改革過程中不得采取增加小微企業實際繳費負擔的做法，不得自行對歷史欠費進行集中清繳。繼續執行階段性降低失業和工傷保險費率政策。今年務必使企業特別是小微企業社保繳費負擔有實質性下降。加快推進養老保險省級統籌改革，繼續提高企業職工基本養老保險基金中央調劑比例、劃轉部分國有資本充實社保基金。我們既要減輕企業繳費負擔，又要保障職工社保待遇不受影響、養老金合理增長并按時足額發放，使社保基金可持續、企業與職工同受益。

We will significantly reduce enterprise contributions to social insurance schemes.

We will lower the share borne by employers for urban workers' basic aged-care insurance, and localities may cut contributions down to 16 percent. The social insurance premium collection methods currently in operation will be kept unchanged. No locality should take any measure that increases the burden on small and micro enterprises when reforming their collection systems, or require, on their own, that longstanding arrears be paid off in a lump sum. The current policy of reducing premiums for unemployment insurance and work injury compensation insurance will continue. This year, premium payments, particularly for small and micro businesses, must be substantively reduced.

We will speed up reforms in the provincial-level management of aged-care insurance funds, continue to increase the proportion of enterprise workers' basic pension funds under central government allocation, and replenish social security funds through the injection of state capital. We must reduce burdens on enterprises, but also ensure that employees' social security benefits are not affected and aged-care pensions increase as appropriate and are paid on time and in full, so that social security funds are sustainable and both enterprises and employees benefit.

確保減稅降費落實到位。減稅降費直擊當前市場主體的痛點和難點，是既公平又有效率的政策。全年減輕企業稅收和社保繳費負擔近2萬億元。這會給各級財政帶來很大壓力。為支持企業減負，各級政府要過緊日子，想方設法籌集資金。中央財政要開源節流，增加特定國有金融機構和央企上繳利潤，一般性支出壓減5%以上、“三公”經費再壓減3%左右，長期沉淀資金一律收回。地方政府也要主動挖潛，大力優化支出結構，多渠道盤活各類資金和資產。我們要切實讓市場主體特別是小微企業有明顯減稅降費感受，堅決兌現對企業和社會的承諾，困難再多也一定要把這件大事辦成辦好。

We will ensure tax and fee cuts are fully implemented.

Tax cuts and fee reductions get right to the spot in tackling the pains and difficulties currently troubling market entities; as a policy option, they are both fair and efficient. This year, we will reduce the tax burdens on and social insurance contributions of enterprises by nearly 2 trillion yuan. This will create big pressure on government budgets at all levels. To support this lightening of the burden on enterprises, governments at all levels must tighten their belts and find workable means of raising funds.

The central government needs to increase revenue and reduce expenditures. Profits turned in by designated state-owned financial institutions and enterprises directly under the central government should be increased; general expenditures should be cut by over 5 percent, spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality should be cut by another 3 percent, and all funds that have long stayed unused will be taken back.

Local governments also need to dig deep, take big steps to improve the mix of spending, and put various funds and assets to good use through multiple avenues.

We will let market entities, especially small and micro businesses, feel the weight of their burden being meaningfully lightened, honoring our promise to enterprises and society, and seeing that no matter the number of difficulties, this important job gets done and gets done well.

著力緩解企業融資難融資貴問題。改革完善貨幣信貸投放機制，適時運用存款準備金率、利率等數量和價格手段，引導金融機構擴大信貸投放、降低貸款成本，精準有效支持實體經濟，不能讓資金空轉或脫實向虛。加大對中小銀行定向降準力度，釋放的資金全部用于民營和小微企業貸款。支持大型商業銀行多渠道補充資本，增強信貸投放能力，鼓勵增加制造業中長期貸款和信用貸款。今年國有大型商業銀行小微企業貸款要增長30%以上。清理規范銀行及中介服務收費。完善金融機構內部考核機制，激勵加強普惠金融服務，切實使中小微企業融資緊張狀況有明顯改善，綜合融資成本必須有明顯降低。

We will work hard to alleviate the difficulties faced by enterprises in accessing affordable financing.

We will reform and refine monetary and credit supply mechanisms, and employ as needed a combination of quantitative and pricing approaches, like required reserve ratios and interest rates, to guide financial institutions in increasing credit supply and bringing down the cost of borrowing, ensure targeted and efficient support for the real economy, and avoid funds circulating within the financial sector without entering the real economy or being diverted out of the real economy.

More targeted cuts will be made to required reserve ratios for medium and small banks; the additional funds thus released will be lent to private enterprises and small and micro businesses.

We will support large commercial banks in replenishing capital through multiple channels, strengthen their capacity to supply credit, and encourage them to increase medium- and long-term loans and credit loans to the manufacturing sector. This year, loans to be granted to small and micro businesses by large state-owned commercial banks will increase by over 30 percent.

Fees charged for banking and intermediary services will be overhauled. We will improve the internal assessment mechanisms of financial institutions, encourage more inclusive financial services, achieve a marked improvement in providing financing for medium, small, and micro enterprises, and see that there are definite reductions in overall financing costs.

有效發揮地方政府債券作用。今年擬安排地方政府專項債券2.15萬億元，比去年增加8000億元，為重點項目建設提供資金支持，也為更好防范化解地方政府債務風險創造條件。合理擴大專項債券使用范圍。繼續發行一定數量的地方政府置換債券，減輕地方利息負擔。鼓勵采取市場化方式，妥善解決融資平臺到期債務問題，不能搞“半拉子”工程。

We will make effective use of local government bonds.

This year, 2.15 trillion yuan of special local government bonds will be issued, an 800 billion yuan increase on last year. This is designed to both provide funding for key projects and create conditions for better forestalling and defusing local governments' debt risks.

The scope of use for special local government bonds will be moderately expanded. We will continue the issuance of some local government bonds to replace outstanding debts in order to reduce the interest payment burdens of local governments. We will encourage the adoption of market approaches to solve the issue of maturing debts on financing platforms and make sure that projects financed by such debts are not stopped half way.

多管齊下穩定和擴大就業。扎實做好高校畢業生、退役軍人、農民工等重點群體就業工作，加強對城鎮各類就業困難人員的就業幫扶。對招用農村貧困人口、城鎮登記失業半年以上人員的各類企業，三年內給予定額稅費減免。加強對靈活就業、新就業形態的支持。堅決防止和糾正就業中的性別和身份歧視。實施職業技能提升行動，從失業保險基金結余中拿出1000億元，用于1500萬人次以上的職工技能提升和轉崗轉業培訓。健全技術工人職業發展機制和政策。加快發展現代職業教育，既有利于緩解當前就業壓力，也是解決高技能人才短缺的戰略之舉。改革完善高職院?？荚囌猩k法，鼓勵更多應屆高中畢業生和退役軍人、下崗職工、農民工等報考，今年大規模擴招100萬人。擴大高職院校獎助學金覆蓋面、提高補助標準，加快學歷證書和職業技能等級證書互通銜接。改革高職院校辦學體制，加強師資隊伍建設，提高辦學質量。引導一批普通本科高校轉為應用型大學。中央財政大幅增加對高職院校的投入，地方財政也要加強支持。設立中等職業教育國家獎學金。支持企業和社會力量興辦職業教育，加快產教融合實訓基地建設。我們要以現代職業教育的大改革大發展，加快培養國家發展急需的各類技術技能人才，讓更多青年憑借一技之長實現人生價值，讓三百六十行人才薈萃、繁星璀璨。

We will use multiple channels to achieve stable and expanding employment.

We will work to ensure employment for key groups such as college graduates, demobilized military personnel, and rural migrant workers; and we should give greater employment support for urban jobseekers facing difficulties in securing employment. Enterprises hiring staff from rural poor people or urban residents registered as unemployed for at least six months will be entitled to a fixed amount of tax and fee deductions for three years.

We will strengthen support for flexible employment and new forms of employment.

We will resolutely protect against and stop gender and identity discrimination in employment.

We will implement a vocational skills training initiative, and allocate 100 billion yuan from the surplus in unemployment insurance funds to provide training for over 15 million people upgrading their skills or switching jobs or industries. We will put in place better mechanisms and policies for the career development of skilled workers.

Stepping up the development of modern vocational education is a strategic move that will not only ease current employment pressure, but also help to address the shortage of highly-skilled personnel. We will reform and improve the ways that vocational colleges conduct examinations and enrollment, encourage more high school graduates, demobilized military personnel, laid-off workers, and rural migrant workers to apply, and this year achieve a large-scale expansion of one million in student enrollments.

We will expand the coverage of scholarships and grants for vocational college students and raise the level of financial assistance, and speed up work to align vocational technical grade certificates with academic credentials. We will reform the operating mechanisms of vocational colleges, strengthen work on building the teaching workforce, and raise the quality of vocational education. We will encourage a number of regular undergraduate institutions to transform themselves into applied colleges.

The central government will greatly increase fiscal support for vocational colleges, and local governments should also strengthen their support. A state scholarship for secondary vocational education will be established. We will support enterprises and private actors in providing vocational education, and speed up work to build instruction centers that integrate technical training and academic education. Through major reforms and the development of modern vocational education, we will move faster to train the different types of technicians and skilled workers urgently needed in China's development, enabling more young people to gain professional skills and realize their potential and producing a vast range of talent ready to shine bright.

(二)激發市場主體活力，著力優化營商環境。我國有上億市場主體，而且還在不斷增加。把市場主體的活躍度保持住、提上去，是促進經濟平穩增長的關鍵所在。要深化“放管服”改革，降低制度性交易成本，下硬功夫打造好發展軟環境。

2. We will work to energize market entities and improve the business environment.

There are hundreds of millions of market entities in China, and the number continues to grow. The key to promoting stable economic growth lies in maintaining and increasing their level of activity. We must push forward with reforms that delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services, bring down government-imposed transaction costs, and make every effort to create an enabling environment for development.

以簡審批優服務便利投資興業。市場配置資源是最有效率的形式。要進一步縮減市場準入負面清單，推動“非禁即入”普遍落實。政府要堅決把不該管的事項交給市場，最大限度減少對資源的直接配置，審批事項應減盡減，確需審批的要簡化流程和環節，讓企業多用時間跑市場、少費功夫跑審批。今年，要對所有涉企經營許可事項實行“證照分離”改革，使企業更便捷拿到營業執照并盡快正常運營，堅決克服“準入不準營”的現象;在全國推開工程建設項目審批制度改革，使全流程審批時間大幅縮短。繼續壓縮專利審查和商標注冊時間。推行網上審批和服務，抓緊建成全國一體化在線政務服務平臺，加快實現一網通辦、異地可辦，使更多事項不見面辦理，確需到現場辦的要“一窗受理、限時辦結”“最多跑一次”。持續開展“減證便民”改革行動，不能讓繁瑣證明來回折騰企業和群眾。建立政務服務“好差評”制度，服務績效由企業和群眾來評判。政府部門做好服務是本分，服務不好是失職。

We will cut government approvals and improve services to create a favorable environment for investment and business startups.

Market allocation is the most efficient form of resource allocation. We will further shorten the negative list on market entry and promote across-the-board implementation of the policy of "entry unless on the list." The government must act with resolve to hand matters it shouldn't manage over to the market, and make maximum reductions to its direct allocation of resources. Every requirement for government approval that should be canceled will be canceled. When approval is required, the procedures and steps involved will be simplified. This will leave companies to spend more time doing business and less time chasing approvals.

This year, all operating permits required of businesses will be separated from the business license to make it quicker and easier for companies to get a license and start operating as soon as possible; and we will put an end to the phenomenon of "letting firms in but not letting them do business." Reform of the system for construction project approval will be introduced nationwide, and the time of approval needed at every stage of a project will be significantly shortened. We will continue to cut the time it takes to have a patent approved and a trademark registered.

We will encourage online approvals and services, and work faster to build a national online platform for government services, enabling access via one website and remote processing, so that more matters can be handled without the need to be physically present. For matters that do require presence in person, they should be processed at a single window, within a specified time, and without the need for a second visit. We will continue to pursue the Cut Certification to Create Convenience reform initiative, and see that businesses and the public are not saddled with running from pillar to post for certificates.

We will establish a government service evaluation system, and let businesses and the public judge if our service is up to scratch. Delivering good services is what a government is meant to do; failure to do so means failing in its duties.

以公正監管促進公平競爭。公平競爭是市場經濟的核心，公正監管是公平競爭的保障。改革完善公平競爭審查和公正監管制度，加快清理妨礙統一市場和公平競爭的各種規定和做法。政簡易從。規則越簡約透明，監管越有力有效。國家層面重在制定統一的監管規則和標準，地方政府要把主要力量放在公正監管上。推進“雙隨機、一公開”跨部門聯合監管，推行信用監管和“互聯網+監管”改革，優化環保、消防、稅務、市場監管等執法方式，對違法者依法嚴懲、對守法者無事不擾。深化綜合行政執法改革，清理規范行政處罰事項，堅決治理多頭檢查、重復檢查。對監管者也要強監管、立規矩，決不允許搞選擇性執法、任性執法，決不允許刁難企業和群眾。依法打擊制售假冒偽劣商品等違法行為，讓嚴重違法者付出付不起的代價。完善失信聯合懲戒機制，促進各類市場主體守法誠信經營。用公正監管管出公平、管出效率、管出活力。

We will conduct impartial regulation to promote fair competition.

Fair competition is at the heart of a market economy, and impartial regulation is a safeguard for fair competition. We will reform and improve the fair competition review and impartial regulation systems, and move faster to do away with all regulations and practices that impede the functioning of a unified market and fair competition.

Simple regulations are easy to follow. The simpler and more transparent the rules are, the more robust and effective regulation is. At the national level, the focus is on developing unified regulatory rules and standards, while local governments should concentrate most of their energy on conducting impartial regulation.

We will continue interdepartmental oversight conducted through the random selection of both inspectors and inspection targets and the prompt release of results. We will promote credit rating-based regulation and the Internet Plus Regulation reform initiative, develop better ways of enforcing laws on environmental protection, fire prevention, tax collection, and market oversight, and see that law breakers are punished in accordance with law and the law-abiding are let be.

We will deepen the reform of coordinated law enforcement by government departments, overhaul government penalties and punitive measures, and address overlap and duplication in enforcement. Regulators themselves must also be subject to strong oversight and follow rules. There can be no tolerance for selective or arbitrary law enforcement or for making things difficult for businesses and people.

We will, in accordance with law, crack down on violations of law such as the production and sale of counterfeit and substandard goods, and make the price to pay for serious offenders too dear to afford. We will improve the mechanism for joint punitive action against bad faith, and encourage all market entities to do business in accordance with law and in good faith. We will use impartial regulation to ensure a fair, efficient, and dynamic market.

以改革推動降低涉企收費。深化電力市場化改革，清理電價附加收費，降低制造業用電成本，一般工商業平均電價再降低10%。深化收費公路制度改革，推動降低過路過橋費用，治理對客貨運車輛不合理審批和亂收費、亂罰款。兩年內基本取消全國高速公路省界收費站，實現不停車快捷收費，減少擁堵、便利群眾。取消或降低一批鐵路、港口收費。專項治理中介服務收費。繼續清理規范行政事業性收費。加快收費清單“一張網”建設，讓收費公開透明，讓亂收費無處藏身。

We will carry out reforms to promote reductions in business-related charges.

We will deepen market-oriented reforms in the electric power sector, overhaul surcharges on electricity prices, lower electricity costs in manufacturing, and cut the average electricity price for general industrial and commercial businesses by another 10 percent.

We will advance the reform of the toll roads system, move to cut tolls on highways and bridges, and put a stop to unjustified requirements for approval as well as arbitrary charges and fines on passenger and freight transport vehicles. Within two years, we will remove almost all expressway toll booths at provincial borders and make nonstop, swift collection a reality. This will cut traffic congestion and make road transport more convenient. A number of railway and port charges will be abolished or lowered.

We will launch an initiative to address the collection of charges by intermediary organizations. We will continue reviewing and standardizing government levied charges. We will speed up the development of a comprehensive listing system for the collection of fees and charges, making charge collecting open and transparent and leaving unauthorized charges no place to hide.

(三)堅持創新引領發展，培育壯大新動能。發揮我國人力人才資源豐富、國內市場巨大等綜合優勢，改革創新科技研發和產業化應用機制，大力培育專業精神，促進新舊動能接續轉換。

3. We will continue to pursue innovation-driven development and foster new growth drivers.

We will make full use of our country's combined strengths—its abundant human resources and talent and vast domestic market, reform and develop new mechanisms for scientific and technological R&D and industrial application, and foster professionalism, to speed up the replacement of old growth drivers with new ones.

推動傳統產業改造提升。圍繞推動制造業高質量發展，強化工業基礎和技術創新能力，促進先進制造業和現代服務業融合發展，加快建設制造強國。打造工業互聯網平臺，拓展“智能+”，為制造業轉型升級賦能。支持企業加快技術改造和設備更新，將固定資產加速折舊優惠政策擴大至全部制造業領域。強化質量基礎支撐，推動標準與國際先進水平對接，提升產品和服務品質，讓更多國內外用戶選擇中國制造、中國服務。

We will work to transform and upgrade traditional industries.

To promote the development of high-quality manufacturing, we will strengthen the foundations of industry and the capacity for technological innovation, boost the integrated development of advanced manufacturing and modernized services, and work faster to make China strong in manufacturing.

We will create industrial internet platforms and expand Intelligent Plus initiatives to facilitate transformation and upgrading in manufacturing. We will support enterprises in speeding up technological transformation and equipment upgrading by extending the preferential policy of accelerated depreciation of fixed assets to the entire manufacturing sector.

We will strengthen the supporting capacity of quality infrastructure, upgrade our standards to meet advanced international ones, and improve the quality of products and services to encourage more domestic and foreign users to choose Chinese goods and services.

促進新興產業加快發展。深化大數據、人工智能等研發應用，培育新一代信息技術、高端裝備、生物醫藥、新能源汽車、新材料等新興產業集群，壯大數字經濟。堅持包容審慎監管，支持新業態新模式發展，促進平臺經濟、共享經濟健康成長。加快在各行業各領域推進“互聯網+”。持續推動網絡提速降費。開展城市千兆寬帶入戶示范，改造提升遠程教育、遠程醫療網絡，推動移動網絡擴容升級，讓用戶切實感受到網速更快更穩定。今年中小企業寬帶平均資費再降低15%，移動網絡流量平均資費再降低20%以上，在全國實行“攜號轉網”，規范套餐設置，使降費實實在在、消費者明明白白。

We will work to speed up the growth of emerging industries.

We will strengthen R&D and the application of big data and artificial intelligence technologies, foster clusters of emerging industries like next-generation information technology, high-end equipment, biomedicine, new-energy automobiles, and new materials, and expand the digital economy. We will continue accommodative and prudential regulation, support the growth of new forms and models of business, and stimulate the healthy development of the platform economy and the sharing economy. We will speed up efforts to pursue Internet Plus initiatives in all industries and sectors.

We will continue to speed up broadband and lower internet rates. We will launch demo projects to extend 1,000M broadband connectivity to urban homes, upgrade networks for distance education and telemedicine, and increase the capacity of and upgrade mobile networks, to provide faster and more reliable broadband connections for internet users.

This year, average broadband service rates for small and medium enterprises will be lowered by another 15 percent, and average rates for mobile internet services will be further cut by more than 20 percent. Cellphone subscribers nationwide will be able to keep their numbers while switching carriers, and cellphone packages will be regulated to achieve solid fee cuts for all consumers to see.

提升科技支撐能力。加大基礎研究和應用基礎研究支持力度，強化原始創新，加強關鍵核心技術攻關。抓緊布局國家實驗室，重組國家重點實驗室體系。完善重大科技項目組織管理。健全以企業為主體的產學研一體化創新機制，支持企業牽頭實施重大科技項目。加快建設科技創新資源開放共享平臺，強化對中小企業的技術創新服務。擴大國際創新合作。全面加強知識產權保護，健全知識產權侵權懲罰性賠償制度，促進發明創造和轉化運用?？萍紕撔卤举|上是人的創造性活動。要充分尊重和信任科研人員，賦予創新團隊和領軍人才更大的人財物支配權和技術路線決策權。進一步提高基礎研究項目間接經費占比，開展項目經費使用“包干制”改革試點，不設科目比例限制，由科研團隊自主決定使用。完善科技成果評價機制。要在推動科技體制改革舉措落地見效上下功夫，決不能讓改革政策停留在口頭上、紙面上。大力簡除煩苛，使科研人員潛心向學、創新突破。加強科研倫理和學風建設，懲戒學術不端，力戒浮躁之風。我國有世界上最大規模的科技人才隊伍，營造良好的科研生態，就一定能夠迎來各類英才競現、創新成果泉涌的生動局面。

We will increase our ability to provide scientific and technological support.

We will increase support for basic research and application-oriented basic research, step up original innovation, and work harder to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields. We will act quickly to undertake overall planning on national laboratories and restructure the system of key national laboratories. We will improve the organization and management of major science and technology programs.

We will refine enterprise-led mechanisms for bringing together firms, universities, and research institutes to engage in innovation, and support companies in heading up major science and technology programs. We will speed up the development of platforms for sharing scientific and technological innovation resources, and provide better services to small and medium businesses to facilitate their technological innovation. Innovation cooperation with other countries will be expanded. We will strengthen intellectual property protection across the board, improve the system of punitive compensation for IP infringements, and promote invention and creation and their industrial application.

Technological innovation is in essence a human creative activity. We must fully respect and trust our scientists and researchers, and empower teams and leaders of innovation by placing more human, financial, and material resources at their disposal and giving them more power to make decisions on technology roadmaps. We will further increase the proportion of indirect funding for basic research projects, pilot the creation of ceilings in funding that enable the retention of unused funds, set no limits on the proportions of spending items, and give research teams the power to decide how to use funds. We will improve the assessment mechanisms for advances in science and technology.

We will work to ensure that measures to reform science and technology management systems are fully implemented, and must not allow reform policies to become hollow promises. We will work hard to cut red tape to enable researchers to concentrate on the pursuit of learning, innovation, and breakthroughs. We will strengthen research ethics, improve academic practice, take disciplinary action against academic misconduct, and guard firmly against rash action.

China has the largest pool of scientific and technological personnel in the world. If we foster a healthy research environment, we'll be sure to see brilliant and capable people emerge in all fields and create a boundless stream of innovations.

進一步把大眾創業萬眾創新引向深入。鼓勵更多社會主體創新創業，拓展經濟社會發展空間，加強全方位服務，發揮雙創示范基地帶動作用。強化普惠性支持，落實好小規模納稅人增值稅起征點從月銷售額3萬元提高到10萬元等稅收優惠政策。改革完善金融支持機制，設立科創板并試點注冊制，鼓勵發行雙創金融債券，擴大知識產權質押融資，支持發展創業投資。改革完善人才培養、使用、評價機制，優化歸國留學人員和外籍人才服務。把面向市場需求和弘揚人文精神結合起來，善聚善用各類人才，中國創新一定能更好發展，為人類文明進步作出應有貢獻。

We will do more to encourage startups and innovation nationwide.

We will encourage more private actors to engage in innovation and start businesses, expand the space for economic and social development, strengthen comprehensive services, and give play to the pathfinding role of innovation and entrepreneurship demo centers.

We will strengthen inclusive support for innovation and business startups, and implement preferential tax policies such as raising the VAT threshold from 30,000 to 100,000 yuan in monthly sales for small-scale taxpayers.

We will reform and improve financial support mechanisms, establish a science and technology innovation board that will pilot an IPO registration system, encourage the issuing of special bonds for innovation and entrepreneurship, expand the use of intellectual property pledge financing, and support the growth of venture capital investment.

We will reform and improve mechanisms for training, employing, and evaluating capable people and provide better services for students returning from overseas and foreign professionals. By combining our response to market demand with a championing of the spirit of humanity, and by bringing together and using well capable people with talents of all kinds, we will be sure to see better development in Chinese innovation, and thus do our part for the progress of human civilization.

(四)促進形成強大國內市場，持續釋放內需潛力。充分發揮消費的基礎作用、投資的關鍵作用，穩定國內有效需求，為經濟平穩運行提供有力支撐。

4. We will stimulate the development of a robust domestic market and keep unlocking the potential of domestic demand.

We will fully leverage the basic role of consumption and the key role of investment, ensure steady effective domestic demand, and thus boost stable economic performance.

推動消費穩定增長。多措并舉促進城鄉居民增收，增強消費能力。落實好新修訂的個人所得稅法，使符合減稅政策的約8000萬納稅人應享盡享。要順應消費需求的新變化，多渠道增加優質產品和服務供給，加快破除民間資本進入的堵點。我國60歲以上人口已達2.5億。要大力發展養老特別是社區養老服務業，對在社區提供日間照料、康復護理、助餐助行等服務的機構給予稅費減免、資金支持、水電氣熱價格優惠等扶持，新建居住區應配套建設社區養老服務設施，加強農村養老服務設施建設，改革完善醫養結合政策，擴大長期護理保險制度試點，讓老年人擁有幸福的晚年，后來人就有可期的未來。嬰幼兒照護事關千家萬戶。要針對實施全面兩孩政策后的新情況，加快發展多種形式的嬰幼兒照護服務，支持社會力量興辦托育服務機構，加強兒童安全保障。促進家政服務業提質擴容。發展全域旅游，壯大旅游產業。穩定汽車消費，繼續執行新能源汽車購置優惠政策，推動充電、加氫等設施建設。發展消費新業態新模式，促進線上線下消費融合發展，培育消費新增長點。健全農村流通網絡，支持電商和快遞發展。加強消費者權益保護，讓群眾放心消費、便利消費。

We will promote steady growth in consumption.

We will use a combination of measures to increase urban and rural personal incomes and boost capacity for consumption. We will fully implement the revised Individual Income Tax Law to see that approximately 80 million taxpayers to whom reductions apply get the most out of these policies. We will adapt to new changes in consumption needs, use multiple avenues to increase the supply of quality products and services, and act faster to resolve problems and difficulties blocking the entry of private investment.

The number of people in China aged 60 and above has now reached 250 million. We will take significant steps to develop elderly care, especially community elderly care services. We will provide support to institutions offering services in the community like day care, rehabilitation care, and assisted meals and assisted mobility using measures such as tax and fee cuts and exemptions, funding support, and reduced charges for water, electricity, gas, and heating. New residential areas should include facilities for community elderly care services, and we will step up the development of such facilities in rural areas. We will reform and refine policies for integrating medical and elderly care services, and extend trials for long-term care insurance to cover more areas. Only when the elderly live happily can the young have a future to look forward to.

Infant and child care is important to millions of families. In response to the new demands created by the full implementation of the two-child policy, we will move faster to develop various types of infant and child care services, encourage private actors to run childcare and early childhood education agencies, and provide better protection for the safety of our children.

We will promote higher quality and an expansion of capacity in the housekeeping service sector. We will develop integrated tourism and strengthen the tourism industry. To maintain stable automobile consumption, we will continue preferential policies on the purchase of new-energy vehicles and facilitate the building of charging and hydrogenation facilities. We will develop new forms and models of consumption, promote the growth of both online and offline consumption, and foster new growth areas in consumer spending. We will improve logistics networks in rural areas and support the development of e-commerce and express delivery services. We will strengthen the protection of consumers' rights and interests, and ensure worry-free and convenient consumption.

合理擴大有效投資。緊扣國家發展戰略，加快實施一批重點項目。完成鐵路投資8000億元、公路水運投資1.8萬億元，再開工一批重大水利工程，加快川藏鐵路規劃建設，加大城際交通、物流、市政、災害防治、民用和通用航空等基礎設施投資力度，加強新一代信息基礎設施建設。今年中央預算內投資安排5776億元，比去年增加400億元。創新項目融資方式，適當降低基礎設施等項目資本金比例，用好開發性金融工具，吸引更多民間資本參與重點領域項目建設。落實民間投資支持政策，有序推進政府和社會資本合作。改革完善招投標制度。政府要帶頭講誠信守契約，決不能“新官不理舊賬”，對拖欠企業的款項年底前要清償一半以上，決不允許增加新的拖欠。

We will expand effective investment as appropriate.

We will closely follow national development strategies and accelerate the implementation of a number of key projects. 800 billion yuan will be invested in railway construction, 1.8 trillion yuan will be invested in road construction and waterway projects, and work will start on a number of major water conservancy projects. We will speed up planning and construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, and boost infrastructure investment for intercity transportation, logistics, utilities, disaster prevention and mitigation, and civil and general aviation. We will further develop next-generation information infrastructure. This year, 577.6 billion yuan is included in the central government budget for related investment, an increase of 40 billion yuan on last year.

We will explore new forms of project financing, lower as appropriate capital contribution requirements for infrastructure projects, make good use of developmental financial instruments, and attract more private capital into projects in key areas. We will see that policies to encourage private investment are implemented, and take systematic steps to strengthen cooperation between the government and private capital. We will undertake reforms to improve the public bidding system.

The government must set an example in acting in good faith and honoring contracts; new officials must not be allowed to get away with ignoring obligations undertaken by predecessors. Over 50 percent of overdue payments to enterprises must be made by the end of the year, and new arrears are impermissible.

(五)對標全面建成小康社會任務，扎實推進脫貧攻堅和鄉村振興。堅持農業農村優先發展，加強脫貧攻堅與鄉村振興統籌銜接，確保如期實現脫貧攻堅目標、農民生活達到全面小康水平。

5. We will make solid progress in poverty alleviation and rural revitalization and move closer to completing the tasks of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

We will continue to prioritize the development of agriculture and rural areas, strengthen both poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and ensure that the poverty alleviation goals are achieved and rural living standards reach the level of moderate prosperity in all respects according to plan.

打好精準脫貧攻堅戰。重點解決實現“兩不愁三保障”面臨的突出問題，加大“三區三州”等深度貧困地區脫貧攻堅力度，加強基礎設施建設，落實對特殊貧困人口的保障措施。脫貧致富離不開產業支撐，要大力扶持貧困地區發展特色優勢產業。開展貧困地區控輟保學專項行動、明顯降低輟學率，繼續增加重點高校專項招收農村和貧困地區學生人數，用好教育這個阻斷貧困代際傳遞的治本之策。基本完成“十三五”易地扶貧搬遷規劃建設任務，加強后續扶持。對摘帽縣和脫貧人口的扶持政策要保持一段時間，鞏固脫貧成果。完善考核監督，用好中央脫貧攻堅專項巡視成果。越是到脫貧攻堅的關鍵階段，越要抓實抓細各項工作，確保脫貧有實效、可持續、經得起歷史檢驗。

We will beat poverty with precision alleviation.

We will give priority to our work of seeing that the basic living needs of rural poor populations are met and that such people have access to compulsory education, basic medical services, and housing. We will intensify poverty alleviation in areas of extreme poverty like the "three regions and three prefectures," strengthen infrastructure development in such areas, and ensure social safeguards for the most vulnerable groups.

The eradication of poverty and achievement of prosperity cannot happen without the support of industries. We will do more to support impoverished areas in developing businesses that leverage local strengths.

We will launch an initiative to address school dropout rates and ensure attendance, and achieve clear reductions in rural student dropout rates in poor areas. We will continue to increase the size of special enrollment quotas at key universities for students from rural and poor areas, and make full use of the fundamental role of education in stopping poverty from being passed on to the next generation.

We will move toward completion of the 13th Five-Year Plan's construction tasks for planned relocations of poor populations from inhospitable areas, and strengthen follow-up support. Support policies that apply to counties and populations that have recently been lifted out of poverty will be maintained for a period to consolidate progress in poverty alleviation. We will improve evaluation and oversight, and ensure that the results of special inspections on poverty alleviation by central government inspection teams serve their intended purpose. The further we get in the crucial stage of the fight, the greater the need, in every aspect of our work, to tackle real problems with attention paid to details, to be certain to deliver substantive, sustainable outcomes that stand the test of time.

抓好農業特別是糧食生產。近14億中國人的飯碗，必須牢牢端在自己手上。要穩定糧食產量，優化品種結構。加強農田水利建設，新增高標準農田8000萬畝以上。穩定生豬等畜禽生產，做好非洲豬瘟等疫病防控。加快農業科技改革創新，大力發展現代種業，加強先進實用技術推廣，實施地理標志農產品保護工程，推進農業全程機械化。培育家庭農場、農民合作社等新型經營主體，加強面向小農戶的社會化服務，發展多種形式規模經營。扶持主產區發展農產品精深加工。支持返鄉入鄉創業創新，推動一二三產業融合發展，壯大縣域經濟。務工收入是農民增收的大頭。要根治拖欠農民工工資問題，抓緊制定專門行政法規，確保付出辛勞和汗水的農民工按時拿到應有的報酬。

We will improve agriculture, particularly grain production.

We must ensure, through our own efforts, the grain supply for almost 1.4 billion Chinese people. To this end, we will keep grain output stable and optimize the mix of crop varieties. We will strengthen farmland irrigation and water conservancy, and increase the area of high-standard cropland by no less than 5.33 million hectares. We will ensure that the production of hogs and other types of livestock, and poultry, remains stable, and strengthen the prevention and control of epidemics and diseases like African swine fever.

We will speed up reform and innovation in agricultural technologies, make a big push to develop a modern seed industry, step up efforts to encourage the widespread use of advanced practical technologies, implement programs to protect agricultural products with geographical indications, and advance the mechanization of entire agricultural production processes. We will foster new types of agricultural businesses such as family farms and farmer cooperatives, improve commercial services catering to small agricultural households, and develop a diverse range of large-scale agricultural operations. We will support major agricultural production areas in developing intensive farm product processing.

We will provide support to people who are returning or moving to the countryside to start businesses or pursue innovations, promote the integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, and strengthen county economies. Income from nonagricultural work plays a big part in increasing rural incomes. We must address at the root wage arrears owed to rural migrant workers, act fast to draw up government regulations specifically with this aim, and make sure that our hard-working rural migrant workers get the pay they have earned on time.

扎實推進鄉村建設。科學編制和實施建設規劃，大力改善生產生活條件。加快實施農村飲水安全鞏固提升工程，今明兩年要解決好飲水困難人口的飲水安全問題，提高6000萬農村人口供水保障水平。完成新一輪農村電網升級改造。新建改建農村公路20萬公里。繼續推進農村危房改造。因地制宜開展農村人居環境整治，推進“廁所革命”、垃圾污水治理，建設美麗鄉村。

We will take solid steps to upgrade rural infrastructure.

To significantly improve living and working conditions, we will design sound development plans and put them into effect. Implementation will be accelerated of programs to consolidate and build on progress already made in providing safe drinking water in rural areas. Remaining problems in access to safe drinking water will be resolved within two years so that an additional 60 million rural residents have access to safe drinking water. The new round of rural power grid upgrading will be completed. Roughly 200,000 kilometers of rural roads will be built or improved. We will continue to renovate dilapidated rural houses. We will work to improve rural living environments in light of local conditions, make progress in the Toilet Revolution, and improve garbage and sewage treatment to build a beautiful countryside.

全面深化農村改革。推廣農村土地征收、集體經營性建設用地入市、宅基地制度改革試點成果。深化集體產權、集體林權、國有林區林場、農墾、供銷社等改革。改革完善農業支持保護體系，健全糧食價格市場化形成機制，擴大政策性農業保險改革試點，創新和加強農村金融服務。持續深化農村改革，廣袤鄉村必將煥發新的生機活力。

We will deepen comprehensive rural reforms.

We will expand the use of practices proven successful through trials of rural land requisitions, marketing rural collective land for development purposes, and reforming the system of rural residential land.

We will deepen reforms relating to collective property rights, collective forest tenure, state forestry areas and farms, state farms, and supply and marketing cooperatives. We will reform and improve the agricultural protection and support system, refine the market-based pricing mechanism for grains, expand trial reforms on policy-based agricultural insurance, and create new and better ways of providing financial services in rural areas. Rural reforms will be deepened, and all these efforts will without doubt inject new vitality in China's vast countryside.

(六)促進區域協調發展，提高新型城鎮化質量。圍繞解決發展不平衡不充分問題，改革完善相關機制和政策，促進基本公共服務均等化，推動區域優勢互補、城鄉融合發展。

6. We will promote coordinated development across regions and improve the quality of new urbanization.

To address unbalanced and insufficient development, we will reform and refine the relevant mechanisms and policies to equalize access to basic public services, enable regions to complement each other with their respective strengths, and promote integrated urban-rural development.

優化區域發展格局。制定西部開發開放新的政策措施，西部地區企業所得稅優惠等政策到期后繼續執行。落實和完善促進東北全面振興、中部地區崛起、東部率先發展的改革創新舉措。京津冀協同發展重在疏解北京非首都功能，高標準建設雄安新區。落實粵港澳大灣區發展規劃綱要，促進規則銜接，推動生產要素流動和人員往來便利化。將長三角區域一體化發展上升為國家戰略，編制實施發展規劃綱要。長江經濟帶發展要堅持上中下游協同，加強生態保護修復和綜合交通運輸體系建設，打造高質量發展經濟帶。支持資源型地區經濟轉型。加快補齊革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區發展短板。大力發展藍色經濟，保護海洋環境，建設海洋強國。

We will improve the layout of development for all our regions.

To promote development and opening up in the west of China, we will adopt new policies and measures and continue current policies like corporate income tax relief for the region on their expiration. Reforms and innovative measures will be implemented and improved to facilitate northeast China's full revitalization, central China's rise, and east China's trailblazing development.

In pursuing integrated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, we will give priority to relieving Beijing of functions nonessential to its role as the capital and on developing the Xiongan New Area according to high standards.

In developing the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, we will work to ensure the development plan's implementation, achieving compatibility between each region's rules, and facilitating flows of factors of production and the movement of people.

We will elevate the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta to the status of national strategy and design and implement an overall development plan.

In the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, we will continue to pursue coordinated development along the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the river, and strengthen both the protection and restoration of ecosystems and the development of a comprehensive transportation system, to create a belt of quality economic development.

We will support economic transformation in resource-depleted areas. We will move faster to strengthen development in old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas to help them catch up. We will develop the blue economy, protect the marine environment, and strengthen China's maritime development.

深入推進新型城鎮化。堅持以中心城市引領城市群發展。抓好農業轉移人口落戶，推動城鎮基本公共服務覆蓋常住人口。更好解決群眾住房問題，落實城市主體責任，改革完善住房市場體系和保障體系，促進房地產市場平穩健康發展。繼續推進保障性住房建設和城鎮棚戶區改造，保障困難群體基本居住需求。繼續推進地下綜合管廊建設。城鎮老舊小區量大面廣，要大力進行改造提升，更新水電路氣等配套設施，支持加裝電梯和無障礙環境建設，健全便民市場、便利店、步行街、停車場等生活服務設施。新型城鎮化要處處體現以人為核心，提高柔性化治理、精細化服務水平，讓城市更加宜居，更具包容和人文關懷。

We will advance new urbanization.

We will continue to stimulate the development of city clusters through the development of leading cities. We will make more progress in granting permanent urban residency to people who have moved to cities from the countryside and work toward making basic urban public services cover all permanent urban residents.

We will better address people's housing needs, require local governments to shoulder primary responsibility, reform and improve housing market and support systems, and sustain the steady and healthy development of real estate markets. We will continue to build government subsidized housing and rebuild rundown urban areas to meet the basic housing needs of disadvantaged groups.

We will continue to improve underground utility tunnels. Old residential areas in cities are large in both number and area. We will make a big push toward their regeneration, update their roads, water, power, and gas supplies and other supporting infrastructure; support the installation of elevators and the development of barrier-free environments; and improve amenities like markets, convenience stores, pedestrian streets, and parking lots.

New urbanization should be people-centered in every respect: we need to be better at conducting flexible governance and providing thoughtfully-designed services to make our cities more livable and give them a more inclusive and welcoming feel.

(七)加強污染防治和生態建設，大力推動綠色發展。綠色發展是構建現代化經濟體系的必然要求，是解決污染問題的根本之策。要改革完善相關制度，協同推動高質量發展與生態環境保護。

7. We will strengthen pollution prevention and control, enhance ecological improvement, and make big advances in green development.

Green development is a critical element of modernizing an economy; it is also a fundamental solution to pollution. We will reform and refine relevant systems, and pursue both high-quality development and environmental protection.

持續推進污染防治。鞏固擴大藍天保衛戰成果，今年二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量要下降3%，重點地區細顆粒物(PM2.5)濃度繼續下降。持續開展京津冀及周邊、長三角、汾渭平原大氣污染治理攻堅，加強工業、燃煤、機動車三大污染源治理。做好北方地區清潔取暖工作，確保群眾溫暖過冬。強化水、土壤污染防治，今年化學需氧量、氨氮排放量要下降2%。加快治理黑臭水體，防治農業面源污染，推進重點流域和近岸海域綜合整治。加強固體廢棄物和城市垃圾分類處置，促進減量化、資源化、無害化。加強污染防治重大科技攻關。企業作為污染防治主體，必須依法履行環保責任。改革創新環境治理方式，對企業既依法依規監管，又重視合理訴求、加強幫扶指導，對需要達標整改的給予合理過渡期，避免處置措施簡單粗暴、一關了之。企業有內在動力和外部壓力，污染防治一定能取得更大成效。

We will keep intensifying efforts to prevent and control pollution.

Gains made in the fight to keep our skies blue will be consolidated and expanded. This year, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions will be cut by 3 percent, and there will be a continuous decline in PM2.5 concentrations in key areas. We will continue to curb air pollution in and around the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, in the Yangtze River Delta, and in the Fenhe-Weihe River Plain area. We will make stronger moves to tackle three major sources of pollution: industrial production, coal used as fuel, and motor vehicles. We will make a good job of promoting clean heating in northern China and ensure people's homes are warm for the winter.

Water and soil pollution prevention and control will be strengthened, and this year we will achieve a 2-percent drop in both chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions. Efforts to clean up black, malodorous water bodies will be accelerated; work will take place to prevent and control agricultural pollution from non-point sources; and comprehensive measures will be taken to improve the environment in key river basins and offshore areas. We will step up sorting in solid waste and urban garbage disposal, and work toward the reduction, recycling, and safe disposal of such waste. We will intensify efforts to achieve major scientific and technological breakthroughs in pollution prevention and control.

As the primary actors in pollution prevention and control, enterprises must fulfill their responsibility of protecting the environment according to law. We need to reform and find new approaches to environmental governance. While we must conduct oversight over enterprises in compliance with laws and regulations, we must also heed their justified concerns and provide better assistance and guidance to them. Enterprises that need to take measures to meet standards should be given a reasonable grace period to do so, and we must avoid handling things in a simplistic and crude way or just shutting firms down to be done with it. When enterprises have both motivation themselves and external pressure, our work to prevent and control pollution is certain to produce more effective results.

壯大綠色環保產業。堅持源頭治理，加快火電、鋼鐵行業超低排放改造，實施重污染行業達標排放改造。調整優化能源結構。推進煤炭清潔化利用。健全天然氣產供儲銷體系。大力發展可再生能源，加快解決風、光、水電消納問題。加大城市污水管網和處理設施建設力度。促進資源節約集約和循環利用，推廣綠色建筑、綠色快遞包裝。改革完善環境經濟政策，健全排污權交易制度，加快發展綠色金融，培育一批專業化環保骨干企業，提升綠色發展能力。

We will strengthen green and environmentally friendly industries.

To address problems at the source, we will quicken the pace of upgrading in thermal power, steel, and other industries to achieve ultra-low emissions, and enforce upgrades in heavy-polluting sectors to achieve compliance with standards. We will adjust and improve the energy mix, promote the cleaner use of coal, and establish better systems for the production, supply, storage, and sale of natural gas. We will promote the dynamic development of renewable energy, and work faster to address the problem of idle capacity in wind, solar, and hydroelectric power. The development of sewer networks and treatment facilities in urban areas will be sped up. We will encourage the economical and intensive use of resources and their recycling, and expand the construction of eco-friendly buildings and the use of green packaging in the delivery industry.

We will reform and improve environmental economic policies, improve the pollution rights trading system, accelerate the development of green finance, develop leading enterprises specializing in environmental protection, and enhance our capacity for green development.

加強生態系統保護修復。推進山水林田湖草生態保護修復工程試點，持續抓好國土綠化，加強荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失治理。加大生物多樣性保護力度。繼續開展退耕還林還草還濕。深化國家公園體制改革。健全生態補償機制。綠色發展人人有責，貴在行動、成在堅持。我們要共同努力，讓人民群眾享有美麗宜居環境。

We will step up efforts to protect and restore ecosystems.

We will press ahead with trials to conserve and restore the ecosystems of mountains, rivers, lakes, forests, farmland, and grassland. We will continue to strengthen afforestation and the control of desertification, rock desertification, and soil erosion. Biodiversity protection will be strengthened. Work will continue on turning marginal farmland into forest, grassland, and wetlands. Reform of the national parks system will be deepened. Compensation mechanisms for ecological conservation will be improved.

Promoting green development is down to every last one of us; its success hinges on action and commitment. We must all work together to create a beautiful and livable environment for our people.

(八)深化重點領域改革，加快完善市場機制。聚焦突出矛盾和關鍵環節，推動相關改革深化，健全與高質量發展相適應的體制機制，把市場活力和社會創造力充分釋放出來。

8. We will deepen reforms in key sectors and speed up the improvement of market mechanisms.

We will focus on resolving acute problems and strengthening key links, deepen relevant reforms, make our systems and mechanisms better able to promote high-quality development, and fully unlock market dynamism and social creativity.

加快國資國企改革。加強和完善國有資產監管，推進國有資本投資、運營公司改革試點，促進國有資產保值增值。積極穩妥推進混合所有制改革。完善公司治理結構，健全市場化經營機制，建立職業經理人等制度。依法處置“僵尸企業”。深化電力、油氣、鐵路等領域改革，自然壟斷行業要根據不同行業特點實行網運分開，將競爭性業務全面推向市場。國有企業要通過改革創新、強身健體，不斷增強發展活力和核心競爭力。

We will accelerate state capital and SOE reforms.

We will strengthen and improve the regulation of state assets, and continue to conduct trial reforms to establish state capital investment and management companies, so as to maintain and increase the value of state assets. Reforms to introduce mixed ownership will be actively but prudently advanced.

We will improve corporate governance structures, make their operating mechanisms market-based, and introduce measures and practices such as hiring professional managers.

We will work in accordance with law to address "zombie enterprises." Reforms will be deepened in sectors including power, oil and natural gas, and railways. In natural monopoly industries, network ownership and operation will be separated in light of the specific conditions of these industries to make the competitive aspects of their operations fully market based. SOEs should get stronger and healthier through reform and innovation to continue increasing their vitality and core competitiveness.

下大氣力優化民營經濟發展環境。堅持“兩個毫不動搖”，鼓勵、支持、引導非公有制經濟發展。按照競爭中性原則，在要素獲取、準入許可、經營運行、政府采購和招投標等方面，對各類所有制企業平等對待。構建親清新型政商關系，健全政企溝通機制，激發企業家精神，促進民營經濟發展升級。保護產權必須堅定不移，對侵權行為要依法懲處，對錯案冤案要有錯必糾。要努力打造良好營商環境，讓企業家安心搞經營、放心辦企業。

We will work for big improvements in the development environment for the private sector.

We will uphold the "two no irresolutions" principle, and encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public sector. We will follow the principle of competitive neutrality, so that when it comes to access to factors of production, market access and licenses, business operations, government procurement, public biddings, and so on, enterprises under all forms of ownership will be treated on an equal footing.

We will foster a new type of cordial and clean relationship between government and business, improve mechanisms for their communication, inspire entrepreneurial spirit, and promote development and upgrading in the private sector.

In the protection of property rights we must be firm and unwavering. Infringements on property rights will be dealt with in accordance with law and any wrongly adjudicated cases will be corrected. We will strive to create a positive business environment in which entrepreneurs can be free of concerns in doing business and running companies.

深化財稅金融體制改革。加大預算公開改革力度，全面實施預算績效管理。深化中央與地方財政事權和支出責任劃分改革，推進中央與地方收入劃分改革。完善轉移支付制度。健全地方稅體系，穩步推進房地產稅立法。規范地方政府舉債融資機制。以服務實體經濟為導向，改革優化金融體系結構，發展民營銀行和社區銀行。改革完善資本市場基礎制度，促進多層次資本市場健康穩定發展，提高直接融資特別是股權融資比重。增強保險業風險保障功能。加強金融風險監測預警和化解處置。我國財政金融體系總體穩健，可運用的政策工具多，我們有能力守住不發生系統性風險的底線。

We will deepen reforms of the fiscal, taxation, and financial systems.

We will take further reform measures to make budgets more transparent, and conduct performance-based budget management across the country. We will deepen the reform to define the respective fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local governments and move forward with reforming the way revenue is divided between them. We will improve the transfer payments system. We will improve local tax systems and make steady progress in legislation on real estate tax. We will improve the mechanisms by which local governments secure financing.

We will reform and improve the structure of the financial system, and develop private and community banks, to better serve the real economy. We will reform and improve the basic systems of the capital market to promote the healthy and steady development of multi-tiered capital markets. The proportion of direct financing, particularly equity financing, will be increased. The insurance sector's role in protecting against risk will be enhanced. We will strengthen monitoring, early warnings, mitigation, and control of financial risks.

China's fiscal and financial systems are on the whole stable, and we have many policy tools available, so we are fully capable of ensuring that no systemic risks will emerge.

(九)推動全方位對外開放，培育國際經濟合作和競爭新優勢。進一步拓展開放領域、優化開放布局，繼續推動商品和要素流動型開放，更加注重規則等制度型開放，以高水平開放帶動改革全面深化。

9. We will promote all-round opening up and foster new strengths in international economic cooperation and competition.

We will open more sectors and improve the layout of opening up, continue to promote opening up based on flows of goods and factors of production, and give greater emphasis to opening up based on rules and related institutions, driving an all-round deepening of reforms through high-standard opening up.

促進外貿穩中提質。推動出口市場多元化。擴大出口信用保險覆蓋面。改革完善跨境電商等新業態扶持政策。推動服務貿易創新發展，引導加工貿易轉型升級、向中西部轉移，發揮好綜合保稅區作用。優化進口結構，積極擴大進口。辦好第二屆中國國際進口博覽會。加快提升通關便利化水平。

We will promote stable and higher quality growth of foreign trade.

We will work to diversify export markets. We will expand the coverage of export credit insurance, and reform and improve support policies for new forms of business such as cross-border e-commerce. We will encourage innovative development in service trade, guide the transformation and upgrading of processing trade and its shift to the central and western regions, and give better play to the role of integrated bonded areas. The import mix will be improved and imports will be actively expanded. We will host the second China International Import Expo. We will step up efforts to facilitate customs clearance.

加大吸引外資力度。進一步放寬市場準入，縮減外資準入負面清單，允許更多領域實行外資獨資經營。落實金融等行業改革開放舉措，完善債券市場開放政策。加快與國際通行經貿規則對接，提高政策透明度和執行一致性，營造內外資企業一視同仁、公平競爭的公正市場環境。加強外商合法權益保護。賦予自貿試驗區更大改革創新自主權，增設上海自貿試驗區新片區，推進海南自貿試驗區建設、探索建設中國特色自由貿易港。支持國家級經開區、高新區、新區開展自貿試驗區相關改革試點，增強輻射帶動作用，打造改革開放新高地。中國投資環境一定會越來越好，各國企業在華發展機遇一定會越來越多。

We will do more to attract foreign investment.

We will further relax controls over market access, shorten the negative list for foreign investment, and permit wholly foreign funded enterprises to operate in more sectors. We will implement reform and opening up measures in the financial and other sectors, and improve policies on opening the bond market. We will further align our policies with internationally accepted trade rules, enhance policy transparency and consistency in implementation, and create a fair and impartial market environment where Chinese and foreign companies are treated as equals and engage in fair competition. We will strengthen efforts to protect foreign investors' lawful rights and interests.

We will grant greater autonomy to pilot free trade zones to carry out reform and innovation, expand the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, step up the building of the China (Hainan) Pilot Free Trade Zone, and explore the opening of a free trade port with Chinese features. We will support national-level economic development zones, new- and high-tech development zones, and new areas in implementing trial reforms pioneered and developed in pilot free trade zones, so that they can better lead their surrounding areas and grow into pacesetters of reform and opening up. China's investment environment is all set to get better and better, which means more and more business opportunities for foreign companies in China are a sure thing.

推動共建“一帶一路”。堅持共商共建共享，遵循市場原則和國際通行規則，發揮企業主體作用，推動基礎設施互聯互通，加強國際產能合作，拓展第三方市場合作。辦好第二屆“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇。推動對外投資合作健康有序發展。

We will promote the joint pursuit of the BRI.

We will adhere to the principle of pursuing shared growth through discussion and collaboration and observe market principles and international rules. We will see that enterprises are the main actors, advance infrastructural connectivity, strengthen international cooperation on production capacity, and expand third-party market cooperation. We will host the second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. We will work to ensure the healthy and orderly growth of outbound investment and international cooperation.

促進貿易和投資自由化便利化。中國堅定維護經濟全球化和自由貿易，積極參與世貿組織改革。加快構建高標準自貿區網絡，推進區域全面經濟伙伴關系協定、中日韓自貿區、中歐投資協定談判，繼續推動中美經貿磋商。中國秉持互利合作、共贏發展，一貫主張通過平等協商解決貿易爭端。我們對作出的承諾認真履行，對自身合法權益堅決維護。

We will promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation.

China is committed to safeguarding economic globalization and free trade, and is actively involved in the reform of the World Trade Organization. We will accelerate the establishment of a network of high-standard free trade areas, advance negotiations on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, the China-Japan-RoK Free Trade Agreement, and the China-EU Investment Agreement, and continue to promote China-US economic and trade negotiations. China is committed to mutually beneficial cooperation, win-win development and settling trade disputes through discussion as equals. We faithfully honor our commitments and are resolute in safeguarding our lawful rights and interests.

(十)加快發展社會事業，更好保障和改善民生。今年財政收支平衡壓力加大，但基本民生投入確保只增不減。支持社會力量增加非基本公共服務供給，滿足群眾多層次、多樣化需求。

10. We will speed up the development of social programs to better ensure and improve living standards.

Although the pressure of maintaining a balanced budget will grow this year, inputs to ensure basic living standards will only be increased and not cut. We will support private actors in boosting the supply of non-basic public services to meet people's multilevel and diverse needs.

發展更加公平更有質量的教育。深化教育教學改革。推進城鄉義務教育一體化發展，加快改善鄉村學校辦學條件，加強鄉村教師隊伍建設，抓緊解決城鎮學校“大班額”問題，保障進城務工人員隨遷子女教育，發展“互聯網+教育”，促進優質資源共享。多渠道擴大學前教育供給，無論是公辦還是民辦幼兒園，只要符合安全標準、收費合理、家長放心，政府都要支持。推進高中階段教育普及，辦好民族教育、特殊教育、繼續教育，依法支持民辦教育發展。持續抓好義務教育教師工資待遇落實。推進一流大學和一流學科建設，支持中西部建設有特色、高水平大學。今年財力雖然很緊張，國家財政性教育經費占國內生產總值比例繼續保持在4%以上，中央財政教育支出安排超過1萬億元。我們要切實把寶貴的資金用好，努力辦好人民滿意的教育，托起明天的希望。

We will develop more equitable and higher quality education.

We will deepen education and teaching reforms. We will promote the integrated development of urban and rural compulsory education, move faster to improve conditions in rural schools, strengthen the ranks of teachers working in the countryside, quickly address the problem of oversized classes in urban schools, and ensure access to education for children living with their migrant worker parents in cities. We will develop Internet Plus Education models and promote quality resource sharing.

We will increase the supply of pre-school education through multiple avenues. The government will support all kindergartens that meet safety standards, charge reasonable fees, and have the trust of parents, regardless of whether they are public or private. We will continue work to make senior secondary education universal, provide quality ethnic minority education, special needs education, and continuing education, and support the development of private schools in accordance with law.

We will continue to strictly ensure the full payment of pay packages to teachers working in compulsory education. We will continue efforts to develop world-class universities and world-class disciplines, and support the central and western regions in building universities with their own character and of a high quality. This year, despite significant fiscal constraints, government budgetary spending on education will remain above 4 percent of GDP, and central government spending on education will exceed one trillion yuan. We need to use these precious funds well, and work hard to provide education that our people are happy with, to do justice to our hope for tomorrow.

保障基本醫療衛生服務。繼續提高城鄉居民基本醫保和大病保險保障水平，居民醫保人均財政補助標準增加30元，一半用于大病保險。降低并統一大病保險起付線，報銷比例由50%提高到60%，進一步減輕大病患者、困難群眾醫療負擔。加強重大疾病防治。我國受癌癥困擾的家庭以千萬計，要實施癌癥防治行動，推進預防篩查、早診早治和科研攻關，著力緩解民生的痛點。做好常見慢性病防治，把高血壓、糖尿病等門診用藥納入醫保報銷。加快兒童藥物研發。加強罕見病用藥保障。深化醫保支付方式改革，優化醫保支出結構。抓緊落實和完善跨省異地就醫直接結算政策，盡快使異地就醫患者在所有定點醫院能持卡看病、即時結算，切實便利流動人口和隨遷老人。完善藥品集中采購和使用機制。深化公立醫院綜合改革。促進社會辦醫。發展“互聯網+醫療健康”，加快建立遠程醫療服務體系，加強基層醫療衛生機構能力建設和醫護人員培養，提升分級診療和家庭醫生簽約服務質量。堅持預防為主，將新增基本公共衛生服務財政補助經費全部用于村和社區，務必讓基層群眾受益。抓好傳染病、地方病、青少年近視防治。完善生育配套政策，加強婦幼保健服務。支持中醫藥事業傳承創新發展。加強健康教育和健康管理。藥品疫苗攸關生命安全，必須強化全程監管，對違法者要嚴懲不貸，對失職瀆職者要嚴肅查辦，堅決守住人民群眾生命健康的防線。

We will ensure access to basic medical and health services.

We will continue to increase basic medical insurance and serious disease insurance protection for rural and non-working urban residents. Government subsidies for resident medical insurance will be raised by an average of 30 yuan per person, half of which is to be used for serious disease insurance.

We will lower and unify the deductible line for serious disease insurance, raise the reimbursement rate from 50 to 60 percent, and further reduce the burden of medical care for people with serious diseases and people living in poverty.

We will strengthen the prevention and treatment of serious diseases. Tens of millions of Chinese families are affected by cancer. To ease this pain that has such an effect on people's lives, we will take action in cancer prevention and treatment, and promote preventive screening, early diagnosis and treatment, and breakthroughs in cancer research. We will improve prevention and treatment of common chronic illnesses. Outpatient medicines for treating high blood pressure, diabetes, et cetera, will be made reimbursable under the medical insurance scheme. We will speed up R&D on medicines for children. We will improve the guarantees for drugs used in treating rare diseases.

We will deepen the reform of medical insurance payment models and refine the spending structure of medical insurance funds. We will speedily implement and improve the policy on interprovincial on-the-spot settlement of medical bills through basic medical insurance accounts; we will work as quickly as possible to enable patients to use their medical insurance cards for medical treatment in any designated hospitals and settle their bills straight away regardless of the locality. This will make things easier for the migrant population and for elderly people who relocate to be with their children.

We will improve the mechanisms for centralized medicine procurement and use. We will deepen the comprehensive reform of public hospitals and encourage the development of private hospitals. We will develop Internet Plus Healthcare models, establish a system for remote medical care services, strengthen efforts to build the capacity of community-level healthcare institutions and train their workers, and improve services provided both under the tiered diagnosis and treatment model and by contracted family doctors.

Prevention will continue to be our priority. The increase in government subsidies for basic public health service expenditures will be used entirely for villages and communities, to ensure direct benefits to the people. We will work to ensure the effective prevention and control of infectious diseases, endemic diseases, and myopia in children and young people. We will refine supporting policies for childbirth and improve maternal and child healthcare services. We will support the preservation, innovation, and development of traditional Chinese medicine. Health education and management will be strengthened.

Drugs and vaccines protect lives. We must strengthen the entire process of their regulation from production to use. We will bring lawbreakers to justice, and investigate negligence and the dereliction of duty and hold the guilty to account, to guard the line protecting the lives and health of our people.

完善社會保障制度和政策。推進多層次養老保障體系建設。繼續提高退休人員基本養老金。落實退役軍人待遇保障，完善退役士兵基本養老、基本醫療保險接續政策。適當提高城鄉低保、專項救助等標準，加強困境兒童保障。加大城鎮困難職工脫困力度。提升殘疾預防和康復服務水平。我們要盡力為群眾救急解困、雪中送炭，基本民生的底線要堅決兜牢。

We will improve the social security system and related policies.

We will build a robust multilevel aged-care social protection system and continue to increase the basic retirement pension. We will ensure benefits for demobilized military personnel, and improve the policy on their basic medical insurance and basic aged-care insurance. Urban and rural subsistence allowances and special assistance benefits will be adequately increased and social protection for children in difficult situations will be improved. Efforts will be intensified to assist struggling urban employees to get out of poverty. Disability prevention and rehabilitation services will be improved. We must do our best to address urgent needs of people in difficulty, provide help when they need it most and ensure that the basic living needs of the people are met.

豐富人民群眾精神文化生活。培育和踐行社會主義核心價值觀，廣泛開展群眾性精神文明創建活動，大力弘揚奮斗精神、科學精神、勞模精神、工匠精神，匯聚起向上向善的強大力量。加快構建中國特色哲學社會科學。加強互聯網內容建設。繁榮文藝創作，發展新聞出版、廣播影視和檔案等事業。加強文物保護利用和非物質文化遺產傳承。推動文化事業和文化產業改革發展，提升基層公共文化服務能力。倡導全民閱讀，推進學習型社會建設。深化中外人文交流。廣泛開展全民健身活動。扎實做好2020年奧運會、殘奧會備戰工作，精心籌辦北京冬奧會、冬殘奧會，辦好第七屆世界軍人運動會。人民群眾身心健康，社會就充滿活力，國家就繁榮興旺。

We will work to enrich the intellectual and cultural life of our people.

We will foster and practice core socialist values, carry out a broad range of public activities to promote cultural and ethical advancement, and encourage the spirit of struggle, the spirit of science, a role-model work ethic, and the pursuit of fine workmanship. This will create a powerful source of aspiration for the pursuit of excellence and moral integrity.

We will accelerate the development of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese features. We will intensify efforts to improve online content. We will work to see that art and literature thrive, and develop the press, publishing, radio, film, television, and archiving. The protection and use of cultural relics and the preservation of intangible cultural heritage will be strengthened. We will promote the reform and development of cultural programs and industries and build stronger public cultural service capacity at the community level. We will champion a culture of reading among our people and advance the building of a learning society. People-to-people and cultural exchanges with other countries will be boosted.

Extensive Fitness-for-All activities will be carried out. We will make sure we're ready for the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games, undertake detailed planning and preparatory work for the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing, and host a successful Seventh World Military Games. When our people are in good health both mentally and physically, our society will be full of vitality, and our country will thrive.

加強和創新社會治理。推動社會治理重心向基層下移，推廣促進社會和諧的“楓橋經驗”，構建城鄉社區治理新格局。引導支持社會組織、人道救助、志愿服務和慈善事業健康發展。健全社會信用體系。保障婦女、兒童、老人、殘疾人合法權益。改進信訪工作，依法及時解決群眾合理訴求。加強社會心理服務。健全國家應急體系，提高防災減災救災能力。加強安全生產，防范遏制重特大事故。做好地震、氣象、水文、地質、測繪等工作。健全公共法律服務體系，深化普法宣傳教育。加強國家安全能力建設。完善立體化社會治安防控體系，深入推進掃黑除惡專項斗爭，依法懲治盜搶騙黃賭毒等違法犯罪活動，打擊非法集資、傳銷等經濟犯罪，整治侵犯公民個人信息等突出問題，堅決守護好人民群眾的平安生活。

We will strengthen social governance and explore new ways to conduct it.

We will shift the focus of social governance to the community level, extend the Fengqiao experience in promoting social harmony, and develop a new model of urban and rural community governance. We will guide and support the healthy development of social organizations, humanitarian assistance, volunteer services, and charity. The social credit system will be improved. We will protect the legitimate rights and interests of women, children, the elderly, and people with disabilities. We will improve work to address public complaints, and work in line with law to promptly meet justified public demands. We will improve public psychological and counseling services.

We will improve the national emergency response system and our capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief. We will strengthen workplace safety and resolutely guard against and curb the occurrence of serious and major accidents. Seismological, meteorological, hydrological, geological, and mapping work will be done well.

We will improve the public legal service system and continue activities to improve public awareness of laws. We will strengthen national security capacity building.

We will improve the multidimensional crime prevention and control system, and intensify the special campaign to root out organized crime and local mafia. We will, in accordance with law, punish illegal and criminal offenses such as theft, robbery, fraud, pornography, gambling, and drug-related crime, crack down on economic crimes like illegal fundraising and pyramid schemes, and tackle prominent problems such as the abuse of personal information. In short, we will make every effort to ensure that our people live in peace and safety.

各位代表!

Fellow Deputies,

新的形勢和任務，對政府工作提出了新的更高要求。各級政府要樹牢“四個意識”，堅定“四個自信”，堅決做到“兩個維護”，自覺在思想上政治上行動上同以習近平同志為核心的黨中央保持高度一致，落實全面從嚴治黨要求，勇于自我革命，深入推進簡政放權，加快轉職能、提效能，增強政府公信力和執行力，更好滿足人民對美好生活的新期待。

The new developments and tasks have created new and higher demands for the work of government.

At every level of government, we should keep firmly in mind the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment. We should strengthen our confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We should resolutely uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping's core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and resolutely uphold the Party Central Committee's authority and its centralized, unified leadership. And we should maintain a high degree of unity in thought, stance, and action with the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and exercise full and rigorous self-discipline in the Party.

We should have the courage to conduct self-reform, further streamline administration and delegate power, speed up the transformation of our functions and the improvement of our performance, and strengthen government credibility and capacity for execution, to better meet the people's new expectations for a better life.

堅持依法全面履職。深入貫徹全面依法治國基本方略，嚴格遵守憲法法律，把政府活動全面納入法治軌道。各級政府要依法接受同級人大及其常委會的監督，自覺接受人民政協的民主監督，主動接受社會和輿論監督，讓權力在陽光下運行。政府干的，都應是人民盼的。要堅持科學、民主、依法決策，認真聽取人大代表、政協委員意見，聽取民主黨派、工商聯、無黨派人士和各人民團體意見，聽取社會公眾和企業意見，使各項政策符合基本國情和客觀實際，更接地氣、更合民意。全面推進政務公開。支持工會、共青團、婦聯等群團組織更好發揮作用。全面落實行政執法責任制和問責制，對一切違法違規的行為都要堅決查處，對一切執法不公正不文明的現象都要堅決整治，對所有行政不作為的人員都要堅決追責。

We will continue to fully perform the functions of government in accordance with law.

We must fully implement the basic strategy on comprehensive law-based governance, strictly abide by the Constitution and the law, and bring all government activities into line with the rule of law.

At every level of government, we must accept, as law requires, the oversight of the people's congresses and their standing committees at the corresponding level. We should readily subject ourselves to the democratic oversight of CPPCC committees, public oversight, and oversight through public opinion, so that power is exercised with transparency.

Everything the government does should be something the people want. We will make decisions in a sound, democratic, and legally-compliant way, listen carefully to the views of the deputies to people's congresses and CPPCC committee members; listen to the views of other political parties, federations of industry and commerce, people without party affiliation, and people's organizations, and listen to the views of the general public and the business community. This will make sure that each of our policies fits the conditions and realities of our country, responds to people's desire, and better satisfies public demand.

We will promote transparency in all government affairs. We will support trade unions, Communist Youth League organizations, women's federations, and other people's organizations in better playing their roles.

We will fully implement the system of responsibility and accountability for government enforcement of laws and regulations. All actions that violate laws or regulations will be resolutely investigated and punished; all instances of failure to enforce the law impartially and with basic decency must be resolutely stopped; and any employee of government found to be not doing their job must be firmly held to account.

深入推進黨風廉政建設。扎實開展“不忘初心、牢記使命”主題教育。認真貫徹落實中央八項規定及其實施細則精神，持之以恒糾治“四風”。加強廉潔政府建設，一體推進不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐。強化審計監督。政府工作人員要自覺接受法律監督、監察監督和人民監督。衡量政績最終是看結果。各級政府要堅決反對和整治一切形式主義、官僚主義，讓干部從文山會海、迎評迎檢、材料報表中解脫出來，把精力用在解決實際問題上。壓減和規范督查檢查考核事項，實施“互聯網+督查”。減少開會和發文數量，今年國務院及其部門要帶頭大幅精簡會議、堅決把文件壓減三分之一以上。

We will step up efforts to improve Party conduct and ensure clean government.

We will hold activities about keeping in mind our Party's founding mission. We will fully enforce the Party Central Committee's eight-point decision on conduct and its rules for implementation, and keep up efforts to address formalities performed for formalities' sake, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance.

We will intensify work to build a clean government, and take coordinated action to make government employees not dare, not able, and not want to commit corruption.

Auditing-based oversight will be strengthened. We in the government must readily subject ourselves to the oversight of the law, supervisory bodies, and the people. The ultimate measure of our performance is whether and what we deliver.

Governments at all levels must firmly oppose and put a stop to all pointless formalities and bureaucratism in all its manifestations. We should free government employees from the mountains of documents and endless meetings, from the superfluities surrounding evaluations and inspections, and from report writing and form filling-in, and instead spend our energy on solving real problems.

We will cut down on and overhaul matters subject to inspection, checks, and evaluations, and implement an Internet Plus Inspection initiative. The number of meetings and documents will be cut. This year, the State Council and its offices and departments will lead the way in making major reductions to the number of meetings and will cut the number of documents issued by over a third.

切實強化責任擔當。中國改革發展的巨大成就，是廣大干部群眾篳路藍縷、千辛萬苦干出來的。實現“兩個一百年”奮斗目標，成就中國人民的幸福與追求，還得長期不懈地干。為政以公，行勝于言。各級政府及其工作人員要求真務實、力戒浮華，以推動改革發展的成果說話，以干事創業的實績交卷。健全激勵約束機制和盡職免責機制，營造干部愿干事、敢干事、能干成事的環境。更好發揮中央和地方兩個積極性，尊重基層和群眾首創精神，為地方大膽探索提供激勵、留足空間。廣大干部要樹立強烈的事業心和進取心，事不避難、義不逃責，埋頭苦干、結合實際創造性地干，努力干出無愧于人民的新業績，干出中國發展的新輝煌。

We will strengthen our readiness to shoulder responsibility.

The tremendous achievements of China's reform and development to date have been made by our officials and people through perseverance and hard work. To achieve the Two Centenary Goals, and let the happiness and ambitions of the Chinese people be realized, we need to continue to put in long-term hard work.

Government works for the public; words can't compare with actions. All levels and employees of government should be down to earth and practical and eschew doing things for show. We should let what we have achieved in reform and development speak for itself. We should deliver a good performance in what we do. We will improve the mechanisms for offering incentives, imposing constraints, and ensuring no one who has fulfilled their duties is held liable. We should create an atmosphere in which officials are ready and eager to try, and able to try and deliver real outcomes.

We will keep central and local governments motivated, respect the pioneering spirit of officials working at the primary level and the people, and offer incentives and leave ample space for local governments to make bold explorations.

All of us working in the government must have true dedication and be enterprising. We must never sidestep difficulties or shirk obligations; we must knuckle down and work hard, and be creative while aware of what is feasible. We should make new achievements worthy of our people and make remarkable new accomplishments in pursuing China's development.

各位代表!

Fellow Deputies,

我們要堅持和完善民族區域自治制度，全面貫徹黨的民族政策，深化民族團結進步教育，鑄牢中華民族共同體意識，促進各民族和睦相處、和衷共濟、和諧發展。加大對民族地區和人口較少民族發展的支持，深入實施興邊富民行動，同心協力建設56個民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發展的美好家園。

We will uphold and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, implement in full the Party's policies on ethnic affairs, heighten public awareness of ethnic unity and progress, build a strong sense of community among the Chinese people, and enable the people of all our ethnic groups to live together happily, work together for a common cause, and develop in harmony. We will strengthen support for development in ethnic minority areas and for the development of ethnic groups with smaller populations. We will redouble efforts to boost development in the border regions to benefit the people living there. Together, we will build a beautiful homeland in which 56 ethnic groups work together for common prosperity and development.

我們要全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，堅持我國宗教的中國化方向，依法管理宗教事務，發揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進經濟社會發展中的積極作用。

We must fully implement the Party's fundamental policy on religious affairs, abide by the principle that religions in China must be Chinese in orientation, oversee religious affairs in accordance with law, and encourage religious leaders and believers to take an active part in promoting economic and social development.

我們要認真落實僑務政策，保障海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷合法權益，改善和加強服務，發揮好他們的獨特優勢和重要作用，畫好海內外中華兒女的最大同心圓，匯聚起共創輝煌的澎湃力量。

We will act on policies related to overseas Chinese nationals, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese, and relatives of overseas Chinese nationals residing in China. We will improve and strengthen our services for them, give play to their unique strengths and important role, seek the greatest convergence of interests among all Chinese, both at home and overseas, and forge a mighty force, as we endeavor to create more remarkable achievements.

各位代表!

Fellow Deputies,

過去一年，國防和軍隊建設扎實推進，強軍事業展現許多新氣象新作為。新的一年，要繼續以黨在新時代的強軍目標為引領，牢固確立習近平強軍思想在國防和軍隊建設中的指導地位，深入推進政治建軍、改革強軍、科技興軍、依法治軍。堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導的根本原則和制度，全面深入貫徹軍委主席負責制。貫徹新時代軍事戰略方針，提高實戰化軍事訓練水平，堅決維護國家主權、安全、發展利益。繼續深化國防和軍隊改革，建立健全中國特色社會主義軍事政策制度體系。加強和完善國防教育、國防動員體系建設，增強全民國防意識。深入實施軍民融合發展戰略，加快國防科技創新步伐。各級政府要大力關心支持國防和軍隊建設，深入開展“雙擁”活動，讓軍政軍民團結之樹根深葉茂、永葆常青。

Over the past year, we achieved solid progress in strengthening national defense and the armed forces, made many new accomplishments in this endeavor, and brought new changes to our military. In the year ahead, we will continue to take as our guide the Party's goal of building stronger armed forces for the new era, and ensure that our work to develop national defense and the armed forces is guided by Xi Jinping's thinking on strengthening the military. We will further efforts to ensure the political loyalty of the armed forces, strengthen them through reform, science and technology, and run them in accordance with law.

We will observe the fundamental principle and system of absolute Party leadership over the armed forces, and fully enforce the system of ultimate responsibility resting with the chairman of the Central Military Commission.

We will implement the military strategy for the new era, strengthen military training under combat conditions, and firmly protect China's sovereignty, security, and development interests.

We will continue reforms in national defense and the armed forces, and establish a sound system of socialist military policies and institutions with Chinese characteristics. The system for national defense mobilization will be strengthened and improved, and educational activities will be carried out to heighten public consciousness about national defense. We will further implement the military-civilian integration strategy, and speed up efforts to make innovations in defense related science and technology.

We in government at all levels must concern ourselves with and vigorously support the development of national defense and the armed forces, conduct extensive activities to promote mutual support between the military and civilians, so that the tree of unity between the military and the government and between the military and the people continues to grow deep roots and is always in blossom.

各位代表!

Fellow Deputies,

我們要繼續全面準確貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，嚴格依照憲法和基本法辦事。全力支持香港、澳門特別行政區政府和行政長官依法施政。支持港澳抓住共建“一帶一路”和粵港澳大灣區建設的重大機遇，更好發揮自身優勢，全面深化與內地互利合作。我們堅信，香港、澳門一定能與祖國內地同發展共進步、一定能保持長期繁榮穩定。

We will continue, fully and faithfully, to implement the policies of "one country, two systems," the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong, the people of Macao governing Macao, and a high degree of autonomy for both regions, and act in strict compliance with China's Constitution and the basic laws of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions.

The governments and chief executives of the two regions have our full support in exercising law-based governance. We will support the two regions in seizing the major opportunities presented by the Belt and Road Initiative and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area development strategy, giving better play to their strengths, and deepening mutually beneficial cooperation with the mainland in all fields. We have every confidence that Hong Kong and Macao will develop and thrive together with the mainland and maintain long-term prosperity and stability.

我們要堅持對臺工作大政方針。全面貫徹落實習近平總書記在《告臺灣同胞書》發表40周年紀念會上的重要講話精神，堅持一個中國原則和“九二共識”，推動兩岸關系和平發展、推進祖國和平統一進程。堅決反對和遏制“臺獨”分裂圖謀和行徑，堅決維護國家主權和領土完整。深化兩岸融合發展，持續擴大兩岸經濟文化交流合作。兩岸同胞同根相系、同命相連，應攜手共創共享全體中國人的美好未來。

We will adhere to the major principles and policies on work related to Taiwan. We will implement in full the guiding principles embodied in General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech at the meeting to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the issuance of the Message to Our Compatriots in Taiwan. We will uphold the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, promote the peaceful growth of relations across the Taiwan Strait, and advance China's peaceful reunification.

We will resolutely oppose and deter any separatist schemes or activities seeking "Taiwan independence," and resolutely protect China's sovereignty and territorial integrity.

We will deepen integrated development on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, and keep expanding cross-Strait economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation. The people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are bound by kinship and share a common destiny. We should work together to create a beautiful future for all Chinese.

各位代表!

Fellow Deputies,

當今世界面臨百年未有之大變局。我們將堅定不移走和平發展道路、奉行互利共贏的開放戰略，堅定維護多邊主義和以聯合國為核心的國際體系。積極參與全球治理體系的改革完善，堅定維護開放型世界經濟，推動構建人類命運共同體。加強與主要大國溝通對話與協調合作，深化同周邊國家關系，拓展與發展中國家互利合作。積極為妥善應對全球性挑戰和解決地區熱點問題提供更多中國建設性方案。中國愿與各國攜手合作、同舟共濟，為促進世界持久和平與共同發展作出新的貢獻。

The world today faces profound changes of a kind unseen in a century. China will remain on the path of peaceful development, pursue mutually beneficial opening up, and resolutely uphold multilateralism and the international system built around the United Nations. We will participate actively in reforming and improving the global governance system and firmly uphold an open world economy to build a human community with a shared future.

We will strengthen communication, dialogue, coordination, and cooperation with other major countries. We will deepen relations with our neighbors and expand mutually beneficial cooperation with other developing countries. We will actively offer constructive Chinese approaches for responding appropriately to global challenges and addressing flashpoints in some regions. China stands ready to work together with all other countries to make new contributions in promoting enduring world peace and shared prosperity.

各位代表!

Fellow Deputies,

奮斗創造歷史，實干成就未來。我們要更加緊密地團結在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央周圍，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，迎難而上，開拓進取，以經濟社會發展的優異成績迎接中華人民共和國成立70周年，為決勝全面建成小康社會、奪取新時代中國特色社會主義偉大勝利，為把我國建設成為富強民主文明和諧美麗的社會主義現代化強國、實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢不懈奮斗!

Struggle creates history; hard work makes a bright future. We will rally closer around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, hold high the banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, rise to each challenge, and create new progress. We will commemorate the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China with great achievements in economic and social development.

Let us continue our struggle to secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, to achieve the great success of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, to build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful, and to realize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation!

(來源：新華網)

(Source: Xinhua)